摇尾乞怜与狐假虎威 日本悲剧的根源
<p><span word="In">In</span> 2009, <span word="after">after</span> <span word="half">half</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="century">century</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="nearly">nearly</span> <span word="unbroken">unbroken</span> <span word="rule">rule</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Liberal">Liberal</span> <span word="Democratic">Democratic</span> <span word="party">party</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="finally">finally</span> <span word="drummed">drummed</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="office">office</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="force">force</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Japanese">Japanese</span> <span word="politics">politics</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Democratic">Democratic</span> <span word="Party">Party</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Japan">Japan</span>, <span word="led">led</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="Yukio">Yukio</span> <span word="Hatoyama">Hatoyama</span>, <span word="promised">promised</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="contract">contract</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Japanese">Japanese</span> <span word="public">public</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="relationship">relationship</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="elected">elected</span> <span word="officials">officials</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="powerful">powerful</span> <span word="bureaucracy">bureaucracy</span>. <span word="Yet">Yet</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="Hatoyama">Hatoyama</span> <span word="went">went</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Washington">Washington</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="April">April</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="shunned">shunned</span>.在几乎未曾间断地执政半个世纪后，自民党(<span word="LDP">LDP</span>)最终在2009年被日本政坛的新力量赶下台。由鸠山由纪夫(<span word="Yukio">Yukio</span> <span word="Hatoyama">Hatoyama</span>)领导的日本民主党(<span word="DPJ">DPJ</span>)，承诺与日本民众签订新契约，并在民选官员和势力强大的官僚体系之间建立新的关系。然而，当翌年4月鸠山访问华盛顿时，他遭遇了冷遇。<span word="The">The</span> <span word="ostensible">ostensible</span> <span word="reason">reason</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="Hatoyama">Hatoyama</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="displeased">displeased</span> <span word="Washington">Washington</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="reneging">reneging</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="deal">deal</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="build">build</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="US">US</span> <span word="Marine">Marine</span> <span word="base">base</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="Okinawa">Okinawa</span>. <span word="However">However</span>, <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="R">R</span> <span word="Taggart">Taggart</span> <span word="Murphy">Murphy</span>, <span word="professor">professor</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="international">international</span> <span word="political">political</span> <span word="economy">economy</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="Tokyo">Tokyo</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="Tsukuba">Tsukuba</span> <span word="university">university</span>, <span word="Hatoyama">Hatoyama</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="attempting">attempting</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="that">that</span>: <span word="he">he</span> <span word="wanted">wanted</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="regain">regain</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sovereignty">sovereignty</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="Japan">Japan</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="lost">lost</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="became">became</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="virtual">virtual</span> “<span word="protectorate">protectorate</span>” <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="US">US</span> <span word="after">after</span> 1945. “<span word="Japan">Japan</span> <span word="cannot">cannot</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="ally">ally</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> — <span word="or">or</span> <span word="anyone">anyone</span> <span word="else">else</span> — <span word="until">until</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sovereign">sovereign</span> <span word="state">state</span>,” <span word="Taggart">Taggart</span> <span word="Murphy">Murphy</span> <span word="writes">writes</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="view">view</span>, <span word="one">one</span> <span word="shared">shared</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Japanese">Japanese</span> <span word="right">right</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="left">left</span>, <span word="Japan">Japan</span> <span word="remains">remains</span> <span word="essentially">essentially</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="occupied">occupied</span> <span word="nation">nation</span>, <span word="subject">subject</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="US">US</span>-<span word="written">written</span> <span word="constitution">constitution</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="honeycombed">honeycombed</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="US">US</span> <span word="military">military</span> <span word="bases">bases</span>. <span word="Rather">Rather</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="Hatoyama">Hatoyama</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="recommends">recommends</span> <span word="Japan">Japan</span> <span word="taking">taking</span> <span word="responsibility">responsibility</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="defence">defence</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="seeking">seeking</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="accommodation">accommodation</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="China">China</span>.表面上的原因是，鸠山拒绝履行冲绳美国海军基地新建协议，触怒了华盛顿。然而，东京筑波大学(<span word="University">University</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Tsukuba">Tsukuba</span>)国际政治经济学教授塔<span word="R">R</span>塔格特墨菲(<span word="R">R</span> <span word="Taggart">Taggart</span> <span word="Murphy">Murphy</span>)认为，鸠山想要的比这多得多：他想收回日本1945年后成为美国事实上的“保护国”时所丧失的主权。墨菲写到：“在首先成为一个主权国家之前，日本无法做美国（或任何其他国家）的盟国。”这种观点（得到日本右翼和左翼的很多人认同）认为：日本本质上仍是一个被占领国，要遵守一部由美国制定的宪法，本土遍布美国军事基地。跟鸠山的观点相像，墨菲建议日本自己担负国防责任，并寻求与中国取得新的和解。</p>
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