为何日本人生育这么少的孩子
<p><span word="LAST">LAST</span> <span word="month">month</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="local">local</span> <span word="official">official</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Aichiprefecture">Aichiprefecture</span> <span word="set">set</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="daring">daring</span> <span word="proposal">proposal</span>. <span word="Tomonaga">Tomonaga</span> <span word="Osada">Osada</span> <span word="suggested">suggested</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="theauthorities">theauthorities</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="distribute">distribute</span> <span word="secretly">secretly</span> <span word="punctured">punctured</span> <span word="condoms">condoms</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="young">young</span> <span word="marriedcouples">marriedcouples</span>, <span word="who">who</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="boosting">boosting</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="birth">birth</span> <span word="rate">rate</span>. <span word="His">His</span> <span word="unorthodoxploy">unorthodoxploy</span> <span word="won">won</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="supporters">supporters</span>, <span word="yet">yet</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="reflects">reflects</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="gathering">gathering</span> <span word="concern">concern</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="Japan">Japan</span>’<span word="sdemographic">sdemographic</span> <span word="plight">plight</span>. <span word="Last">Last</span> <span word="year">year</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="over">over</span> 1<span word="m">m</span> <span word="babies">babies</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="born">born</span>, <span word="far">far</span> <span word="fewer">fewer</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="thenumber">thenumber</span> <span word="needed">needed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="maintain">maintain</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="population">population</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="expected">expected</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="drop">drop</span> <span word="from">from</span> 127<span word="m">m</span> <span word="toaround">toaround</span> 87<span word="m">m</span> <span word="by">by</span> 2060. <span word="Why">Why</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="young">young</span> <span word="Japanese">Japanese</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="loth">loth</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="procreate">procreate</span>?上个月，日本爱知县当地官员提出了一项大胆的提议。<span word="Tomonaga">Tomonaga</span> <span word="Osada">Osada</span>提议有关当局秘密向已婚的年轻夫妇发放被刺破的避孕套，以此让他们提高生育率。这个异端的计策并未获得支持，但这却反映了日益让人感到担忧的日本人口困境，去年，日本只迎来了100万新生儿，这些数量远低于维持人口所需的数量。据预期，截至2060年，日本人口将从1.27亿落到8700万左右。那么，为何日本的年轻人不愿意生育子女呢？</p>随着育龄妇女人数的减少，人口呈螺旋式下降的速度越来越快。5月份发布的一份报道预示，随着年轻女性移居大城市，截止2040年左右，日本国内将有500个甚至更多的城镇消失。日本的奥洞里已经在萎缩，这将危及将来的发展。近年来，政府已经实施了大量鼓励生育的方案，其中包括发放“妇女指南”对妇女的生育能力高低峰进行指导，还有国家赞助的相亲活动。<span word="The">The</span> <span word="chief">chief</span> <span word="reason">reason</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dearth">dearth</span> <span word="ofbirths">ofbirths</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="decline">decline</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="marriage">marriage</span>. <span word="Fewer">Fewer</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="opting">opting</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="wed">wed</span>, <span word="andthey">andthey</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="doing">doing</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="later">later</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="life">life</span>. <span word="At">At</span> <span word="least">least</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="third">third</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="young">young</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="aim">aim</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="becomefull">becomefull</span>-<span word="time">time</span> <span word="housewives">housewives</span>, <span word="yet">yet</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="struggle">struggle</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="men">men</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="support">support</span> <span word="atraditional">atraditional</span> <span word="family">family</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="times">times</span> <span word="potential">potential</span> <span word="suitors">suitors</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="permanentjobs">permanentjobs</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> “<span word="lifetime">lifetime</span> <span word="employment">employment</span>” <span word="system">system</span>. <span word="Now">Now</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="hold">hold</span> <span word="down">down</span> <span word="temporaryor">temporaryor</span> <span word="part">part</span>-<span word="time">time</span> <span word="work">work</span>. <span word="Other">Other</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="shun">shun</span> <span word="marriage">marriage</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="Japan">Japan</span>’<span word="sold">sold</span>-<span word="fashioned">fashioned</span> <span word="corporate">corporate</span> <span word="culture">culture</span>, <span word="together">together</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="dire">dire</span> <span word="shortage">shortage</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="childcare">childcare</span>,<span word="would">would</span> <span word="force">force</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="careers">careers</span>. <span word="Finally">Finally</span>, <span word="young">young</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="bound">bound</span> <span word="bystrict">bystrict</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="codes">codes</span>. <span word="Only">Only</span> <span word="around">around</span> 2% <span word="of">of</span> <span word="babies">babies</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="born">born</span> <span word="outside">outside</span> <span word="marriage">marriage</span>(<span word="compared">compared</span> <span word="with">with</span> 30-50% <span word="in">in</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rich">rich</span> <span word="world">world</span>), <span word="which">which</span> <span word="means">means</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="weddingsplummet">weddingsplummet</span>, <span word="so">so</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="births">births</span>. <span word="Even">Even</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="start">start</span> <span word="families">families</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rising">rising</span> <span word="cost">cost</span> <span word="ofchild">ofchild</span>-<span word="rearing">rearing</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="imposes">imposes</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="de">de</span> <span word="facto">facto</span> <span word="one">one</span>-<span word="child">child</span> <span word="policy">policy</span>.低生育率的主要原因是结婚率的降低。越来越少的人选择步入婚姻殿堂，他们选择在晚年结婚。至少有三分之一年轻女性的目标是成为全职家庭主妇，然而他们很难找到可以支撑起这种传统家庭模式的男人。在经济情况比较好的时候，她们潜在的求婚者拥有着“终身就业”体制内的稳定工作，但现在，很多人只有临时或兼职工作。日本老式的企业文化以及严重缺乏儿童保育迫使妇女不得不放弃职业也是另一些妇女避开婚姻和生育的原因。最后就是，年轻人受到严格社会规范的制约，只有2%的婴儿出生率发生在婚外（相比之下，大多发达国家达到了30-50%）。这意味着，结婚率下跌，出生率也跟着下跌。即使对于那些有孩子的人来说，养育孩子成本的增加使得他们往往只能落实一胎政策。<span word="So">So</span> <span word="far">far</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="government">government</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Shinzo">Shinzo</span> <span word="Abe">Abe</span> <span word="hastalked">hastalked</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="steps">steps</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="shied">shied</span> <span word="away">away</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="taking">taking</span> <span word="them">them</span>. <span word="Instead">Instead</span> <span word="Mr">Mr</span> <span word="Abe">Abe</span> <span word="isacting">isacting</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="combine">combine</span> <span word="careers">careers</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="children">children</span>. <span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="demographers">demographers</span> <span word="reckon">reckon</span> <span word="itis">itis</span> <span word="already">already</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="late">late</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="lift">lift</span> <span word="Japan">Japan</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="birth">birth</span> <span word="rate">rate</span>, <span word="now">now</span> <span word="at">at</span> 1.43<span word="children">children</span> <span word="per">per</span> <span word="woman">woman</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="eventual">eventual</span> <span word="answer">answer</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="say">say</span>, <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="shocking">shocking</span> <span word="eventhan">eventhan</span> <span word="spiked">spiked</span> <span word="prophylactics">prophylactics</span>: <span word="mass">mass</span> <span word="immigration">immigration</span>.目前，安倍政府已经提到了这些措施，但却在回避落实。相反，安倍先生正采取行动帮助女性兼顾职业和孩子。很多人口学家认为，提高日本的生育率为时已晚，现在日本女性人均生育率为1.43。他们说，最终的解决方法将比发放被刺的避孕套更令人感到震惊：大批移民入境。</p>
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