建网站和开发应用的编程课程在美国很走俏
<p><span word="Like">Like</span> <span word="many">many</span> 10-<span word="year">year</span>-<span word="olds">olds</span>, <span word="Nick">Nick</span> <span word="Wald">Wald</span> <span word="takes">takes</span> <span word="private">private</span> <span word="lessons">lessons</span>. <span word="His">His</span> <span word="once">once</span>-<span word="a">a</span>-<span word="week">week</span> <span word="tutor">tutor</span> <span word="isnt">isnt</span> <span word="helping">helping</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="piano">piano</span> <span word="scales">scales</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="Spanish">Spanish</span> <span word="conjugations">conjugations</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="teaching">teaching</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="code">code</span>.与许多10岁大的孩子一样，尼克·沃尔德(<span word="Nick">Nick</span> <span word="Wald">Wald</span>)也会在课外开小灶。不过，一周给他上一次课的家教为他辅导的并非钢琴音阶和西班牙语的动词变位，而是教他如何写代码。<span word="Nick">Nick</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="fifth">fifth</span>-<span word="grader">grader</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="New">New</span> <span word="York">York</span>, <span word="went">went</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="experience">experience</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="since">since</span> <span word="learned">learned</span> <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="HTML">HTML</span>, <span word="JavaScript">JavaScript</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="CSS">CSS</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="build">build</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="simple">simple</span> <span word="website">website</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="working">working</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Apples">Apples</span> <span word="AAPL">AAPL</span> +0.97% <span word="XCode">XCode</span> <span word="environment">environment</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="finish">finish</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="app">app</span> <span word="named">named</span> <span word="Clockie">Clockie</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="set">set</span> <span word="alarms">alarms</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="reminders">reminders</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="plans">plans</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="offer">offer</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="iOS">iOS</span> <span word="App">App</span> <span word="Store">Store</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="free">free</span>.尼克是纽约一名五年级的学生，一开始他没有任何经验，自学写代码以来他学会了足以建一个简单网站的<span word="HTML">HTML</span>、<span word="JavaScript">JavaScript</span>和<span word="CSS">CSS</span>知识。目前他正在苹果(<span word="Apple">Apple</span>)的<span word="XCode">XCode</span>环境下开发一款名为“<span word="Clockie">Clockie</span>”、可用于设置闹钟和提醒事项的应用。他还打算在<span word="iOS">iOS</span>应用商店免费提供这款应用。<span word="I">I</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="liked">liked</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="apps">apps</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="app">app</span> <span word="store">store</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="wanted">wanted</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="figure">figure</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="worked">worked</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="develop">develop</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="that">that</span>, <span word="Nick">Nick</span> <span word="says">says</span>.他说：“我一直都喜欢从应用商店获取应用，而且我一直想弄明白它们是如何运行的以及我怎样能开发出那样的应用。”</p>由于编程或使用编程语言来建网站和开发应用的能力越来越受欢迎，科技技能不再只是针对<span word="IT">IT</span>专业人士的要求。现在，只有七岁大的孩子也能学习<span word="Scratch">Scratch</span>编程网络课程，20来岁的年轻人则挤满了承诺让他们成为科技行业抢手人才的编程培训班。美国运通(<span word="American">American</span> <span word="Express">Express</span>)等企业还送高管去参加数据和电脑设计的培训项目，这么做的目的不是让他们能建网站，而是让他们能更好地管理从事此类工作的员工。<span word="I">I</span> <span word="equate">equate</span> <span word="coding">coding</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="reading">reading</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="writing">writing</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="basic">basic</span> <span word="literacy">literacy</span>, <span word="says">says</span> <span word="Adam">Adam</span> <span word="Enbar">Enbar</span>, <span word="founder">founder</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="New">New</span> <span word="Yorks">Yorks</span> <span word="Flatiron">Flatiron</span> <span word="School">School</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="offers">offers</span> 12-<span word="week">week</span>, $12,000 <span word="programs">programs</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="turn">turn</span> <span word="novices">novices</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="developers">developers</span>. <span word="Not">Not</span> <span word="everyone">everyone</span> <span word="needs">needs</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="Shakespeare">Shakespeare</span>, <span word="just">just</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="everyone">everyone</span> <span word="needs">needs</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="amazing">amazing</span> <span word="developer">developer</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="says">says</span>. <span word="But">But</span>...<span word="were">were</span> <span word="entering">entering</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="job">job</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="already">already</span>, <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="technical">technical</span>.纽约<span word="Flatiron">Flatiron</span>培训学校的创始人亚当·恩巴尔(<span word="Adam">Adam</span> <span word="Enbar">Enbar</span>)说：“我认为编程好比读写和基本的文化素养。不是每个人都需要成为莎士比亚，就如不是每个人都需要成为了不起的开发者一样。但是…我们正在迈入这样的一个世界：每项工作即使现在还没有做到科技化，将来也必将实现科技化，。”<span word="Flatiron">Flatiron</span>学校提供为期12周的课程，意在将新手培养为开发者，学费为12,000美元。<span word="Programming">Programming</span> <span word="languages">languages</span> <span word="vary">vary</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="popularity">popularity</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="difficulty">difficulty</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="takes">takes</span> <span word="hundreds">hundreds</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="hours">hours</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="junior">junior</span> <span word="developer">developer</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="understanding">understanding</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="code">code</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="knowing">knowing</span> <span word="whats">whats</span> <span word="possible">possible</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="whats">whats</span> <span word="not">not</span>, <span word="when">when</span> <span word="working">working</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="IT">IT</span> <span word="team">team</span>, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="generally">generally</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="apps">apps</span> <span word="yourself">yourself</span>.编程语言的热门度和难度各有不同，就算成为一名初级开发者也需要学习几百个小时。不过，在与一个<span word="IT">IT</span>团队合作时，明白什么是“代码”以及了解什么是可能的、什么是不可能的，通常比能够自己开发应用更重要。<span word="The">The</span> <span word="Younger">Younger</span> <span word="Set">Set</span>青少年培训<span word="Johns">Johns</span> <span word="Hopkins">Hopkins</span> <span word="Universitys">Universitys</span> <span word="Center">Center</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="Talented">Talented</span> <span word="Youth">Youth</span> <span word="offers">offers</span> <span word="online">online</span> <span word="courses">courses</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="everything">everything</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="essay">essay</span> <span word="writing">writing</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="music">music</span> <span word="theory">theory</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="Web">Web</span>-<span word="development">development</span> <span word="classes">classes</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="juggernaut">juggernaut</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="terms">terms</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="level">level</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="interest">interest</span>, <span word="says">says</span> <span word="Patricia">Patricia</span> <span word="Wallace">Wallace</span>, <span word="senior">senior</span> <span word="director">director</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="CTY">CTY</span> <span word="Online">Online</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="courses">courses</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="geared">geared</span> <span word="toward">toward</span> <span word="elementary">elementary</span>- <span word="and">and</span> <span word="middle">middle</span>-<span word="school">school</span> <span word="students">students</span>. <span word="In">In</span> 2009, 63 <span word="children">children</span> <span word="signed">signed</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="Introduction">Introduction</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Web">Web</span> <span word="Design">Design</span>, <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="coding">coding</span> <span word="classes">classes</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="offered">offered</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="year">year</span>, <span word="there">there</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="already">already</span> 762 <span word="enrollments">enrollments</span>.约翰·霍普金斯大学(<span word="Johns">Johns</span> <span word="Hopkins">Hopkins</span> <span word="University">University</span>)精英学生学习中心(<span word="Center">Center</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="Talented">Talented</span> <span word="Youth">Youth</span>)推出的网络课程涵盖从写作到音乐理论的各类主题。但该中心网络课程部门高级总监帕特里夏·华莱士(<span word="Patricia">Patricia</span> <span word="Wallace">Wallace</span>)称，网页开发课程一直是“极其受关注的大热门”。这些课程的对象为小学生与中学生。2009年，有63名学生报名学习《网页设计入门》，这是当时开设的少数编程课程之一。今年该课程已招收了762名学生。<span word="The">The</span> <span word="classes">classes</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="began">began</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="Introduction">Introduction</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Web">Web</span> <span word="Design">Design</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="soon">soon</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="include">include</span> <span word="Intermediate">Intermediate</span> <span word="Scratch">Scratch</span> <span word="Programming">Programming</span>, <span word="are">are</span> <span word="growing">growing</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="arent">arent</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="opportunities">opportunities</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="coding">coding</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="elementary">elementary</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="middle">middle</span> <span word="school">school</span>, <span word="says">says</span> <span word="Ms">Ms</span>. <span word="Wallace">Wallace</span>. <span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="parents">parents</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="programming">programming</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="possible">possible</span>.华莱士称，课程一开始教的是《网页设计入门》，接下去可能很快就会教《中级<span word="Scratch">Scratch</span>编程》。由于在小学和中学学习编程的机会不多，此类班级的规模在不断扩大。有些家长希望孩子尽早学习编程。<span word="In">In</span>-<span word="person">person</span> <span word="coding">coding</span> <span word="programs">programs</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="kids">kids</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="springing">springing</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="across">across</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="country">country</span>. <span word="CoderDojo">CoderDojo</span> <span word="Twin">Twin</span> <span word="Cities">Cities</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</span>-<span word="based">based</span> <span word="volunteer">volunteer</span> <span word="program">program</span>, <span word="holds">holds</span> <span word="free">free</span>, <span word="daylong">daylong</span> <span word="coding">coding</span> <span word="programs">programs</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="filled">filled</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="its">its</span> 20 <span word="sessions">sessions</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="about">about</span> 80 <span word="students">students</span> <span word="since">since</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="launched">launched</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="April">April</span>. <span word="ve">ve</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="turn">turn</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="away">away</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="event">event</span>, <span word="says">says</span> <span word="CoderDojo">CoderDojo</span> <span word="Twin">Twin</span> <span word="Cities">Cities</span> <span word="co">co</span>-<span word="founder">founder</span> <span word="Matt">Matt</span> <span word="Gray">Gray</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="kids">kids</span> <span word="build">build</span> <span word="games">games</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="Ruby">Ruby</span>, <span word="work">work</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="Linux">Linux</span>, <span word="and">and</span>-<span word="in">in</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="popular">popular</span> <span word="programs">programs</span>-<span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="Python">Python</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="build">build</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Minecraft">Minecraft</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="popular">popular</span> <span word="videogame">videogame</span>.针对儿童的面对面授课编程课程也在全美各地涌现出来。明尼阿波利斯的志愿者计划<span word="CoderDojo">CoderDojo</span> <span word="Twin">Twin</span> <span word="Cities">Cities</span>便提供连续一整天的免费编程培训。自从在4月份启动以来，该项目的20次课每次都挤满了80名左右的学生。该计划联合创始人马特·格雷(<span word="Matt">Matt</span> <span word="Gray">Gray</span>)说：“每次开课时我们都不得不拒绝一些学生。”孩子们使用<span word="Ruby">Ruby</span>开发游戏，运用<span word="Linux">Linux</span>系统，他们还学习<span word="Python">Python</span>语言来在热门电子游戏<span word="Minecraft">Minecraft</span>的世界中造东西——这是最受孩子们欢迎的课程之一。<span word="Another">Another</span> <span word="group">group</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="started">started</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Rochester">Rochester</span>, <span word="Minn">Minn</span>., <span word="and">and</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="girls">girls</span>-<span word="only">only</span> <span word="camp">camp</span>, <span word="Katie">Katie</span> <span word="CoderDojo">CoderDojo</span>, <span word="had">had</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="session">session</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="month">month</span>.另一组已在明尼苏达州的罗切斯特启动，还有一个只限女孩参加的<span word="Katie">Katie</span> <span word="CoderDojo">CoderDojo</span>训练营也在2月份举办了第一次培训。<span word="The">The</span> <span word="Job">Job</span> <span word="Seekers">Seekers</span>求职者培训<span word="At">At</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="recent">recent</span> <span word="Web">Web</span> <span word="Development">Development</span> <span word="Immersive">Immersive</span> <span word="class">class</span> <span word="offered">offered</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="General">General</span> <span word="Assembly">Assembly</span>, <span word="an">an</span> <span word="education">education</span> <span word="startup">startup</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="offers">offers</span> <span word="coding">coding</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="design">design</span> <span word="courses">courses</span>, <span word="about">about</span> 25 <span word="students">students</span>-<span word="mostly">mostly</span> <span word="men">men</span>, <span word="mostly">mostly</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="their">their</span> 20<span word="s">s</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="MacBook">MacBook</span>-<span word="listened">listened</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lecture">lecture</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="JavaScript">JavaScript</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="add">add</span> <span word="check">check</span> <span word="boxes">boxes</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="pages">pages</span>. <span word="Previously">Previously</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="completed">completed</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="project">project</span> <span word="using">using</span> <span word="coding">coding</span> <span word="language">language</span> <span word="Ruby">Ruby</span>. <span word="One">One</span> <span word="example">example</span>: <span word="A">A</span> <span word="website">website</span> <span word="showed">showed</span> <span word="nearby">nearby</span> <span word="restaurants">restaurants</span> <span word="health">health</span> <span word="ratings">ratings</span>.<span word="General">General</span> <span word="Assembly">Assembly</span>为一家提供编程和设计课程的初创教育机构，在其前不久开设的《沉浸式网页开发》课堂上，大约25名年龄大多在20几岁的学生（多数为男生）每人配备一部<span word="MacBook">MacBook</span>，正在听着如何使用<span word="JavaScript">JavaScript</span>给页面添加复选框的讲课内容。在此之前，每名学生都使用<span word="Ruby">Ruby</span>编程语言完成了一个项目。其中一个项目是显示周边餐厅卫生评分的网站。<span word="Alina">Alina</span> <span word="Guzman">Guzman</span>, 23, <span word="recently">recently</span> <span word="paid">paid</span> <span word="the">the</span> $11,500 <span word="tuition">tuition</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="the">the</span> 12-<span word="week">week</span> <span word="course">course</span>. <span word="She">She</span> <span word="graduated">graduated</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="Baruch">Baruch</span> <span word="College">College</span> <span word="in">in</span> 2013 <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="degree">degree</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="digital">digital</span> <span word="marketing">marketing</span>. <span word="I">I</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="worked">worked</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="marketing">marketing</span> <span word="agency">agency</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="stuff">stuff</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="small">small</span>-<span word="scale">scale</span> <span word="e">e</span>-<span word="commerce">commerce</span> <span word="website">website</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="wanted">wanted</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="something">something</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="interested">interested</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="tech">tech</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="websites">websites</span>, <span word="she">she</span> <span word="says">says</span>.今年23岁的阿林娜·古兹曼(<span word="Alina">Alina</span> <span word="Guzman">Guzman</span>)前不久交了11,500美元学费参加为期12周的课程。她在去年从柏鲁克学院(<span word="Baruch">Baruch</span> <span word="College">College</span>)毕业，并获得了数字化营销学位。她说：“我以前在一家营销机构工作过，也在一家小型电商网站做过些事情，但是我想做些不同的工作，而且我一直对科技和网站感兴趣。”<span word="She">She</span> <span word="took">took</span> <span word="classes">classes</span> <span word="from">from</span> 9 <span word="a">a</span>.<span word="m">m</span>. <span word="to">to</span> 5 <span word="p">p</span>.<span word="m">m</span>. <span word="weekdays">weekdays</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="Ruby">Ruby</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="JavaScript">JavaScript</span>. <span word="Two">Two</span> <span word="months">months</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="course">course</span> <span word="ended">ended</span>, <span word="she">she</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="hired">hired</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="junior">junior</span> <span word="engineer">engineer</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="New">New</span> <span word="York">York</span>-<span word="based">based</span> <span word="startup">startup</span> <span word="Superhuman">Superhuman</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="builds">builds</span> <span word="personal">personal</span> <span word="assistant">assistant</span> <span word="applications">applications</span>.</p>
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