肯尼迪遇刺50周年时的达拉斯
1963年11月22日，美国总统约翰肯尼迪(<span word="John">John</span> <span word="F">F</span>.<span word="Kennedy">Kennedy</span>)遇刺身亡后，达拉斯就背上了“仇恨之城”的名声。人们指责达拉斯市民制造了一种狂热的右翼氛围，从而促使李哈维奥斯瓦尔德(<span word="Lee">Lee</span> <span word="Harvey">Harvey</span> <span word="Oswald">Oswald</span>)枪杀了总统。达拉斯现任市长迈克罗林斯(<span word="Mike">Mike</span> <span word="Rawlings">Rawlings</span>)告诉我：“有报道称，在20世纪60年代和70年代初，达拉斯人去外地时，会因为自己是达拉斯人而感到尴尬。” <span word="I">I</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="Rawlings">Rawlings</span> <span word="sneaking">sneaking</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="catnap">catnap</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="New">New</span> <span word="Cities">Cities</span> <span word="Summit">Summit</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Sao">Sao</span> <span word="Paulo">Paulo</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="June">June</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Dallas">Dallas</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1976 <span word="with">with</span> $200 <span word="in">in</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="pocket">pocket</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="president">president</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Pizza">Pizza</span> <span word="Hut">Hut</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="taking">taking</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="briefest">briefest</span> <span word="break">break</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="usual">usual</span> <span word="activity">activity</span>: <span word="plugging">plugging</span> <span word="Dallas">Dallas</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="city">city</span> <span word="incorporate">incorporate</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="global">global</span> <span word="trauma">trauma</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="image">image</span>? <span word="Its">Its</span> <span word="taken">taken</span> <span word="Dallas">Dallas</span> 50 <span word="years">years</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="deal">deal</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="murder">murder</span>. 今年6月，在圣保罗的新城市峰会(<span word="New">New</span> <span word="Cities">Cities</span> <span word="Summit">Summit</span>)上，我趁罗林斯偷偷打盹时找到了他。这位1976年揣着200美元来到达拉斯、后来当过必胜客(<span word="Pizza">Pizza</span> <span word="Hut">Hut</span>)总裁的达拉斯市长正在小憩，暂时把他的日常活动——宣传达拉斯——放在了一边。但一个城市在经历一场闻名全球的创伤之后，如何在世人面前构建自己的形象？达拉斯花了50年的时间，才学会坦然接受那起刺杀事件。 <span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="Americans">Americans</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1963 <span word="couldnt">couldnt</span> <span word="accept">accept</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lone">lone</span> <span word="loser">loser</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="Oswald">Oswald</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="changed">changed</span> <span word="history">history</span>. <span word="Consequently">Consequently</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="blamed">blamed</span> <span word="larger">larger</span> <span word="entities">entities</span>. <span word="Conspiracy">Conspiracy</span> <span word="theorists">theorists</span> <span word="accused">accused</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Central">Central</span> <span word="Intelligence">Intelligence</span> <span word="Agency">Agency</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="Cuban">Cuban</span> <span word="exiles">exiles</span>. <span word="Others">Others</span> <span word="blamed">blamed</span> <span word="Dallas">Dallas</span> <span word="itself">itself</span>. 1963年，让许多美国人无法接受的是，历史居然被奥斯瓦尔德这么个孤独的失败者改写了。因此，他们怪罪于一些更大的组织和群体。阴谋论者指责美国中央情报局(<span word="CIA">CIA</span>)或古巴流亡者策划了刺杀事件。其他人则谴责达拉斯这个城市。 <span word="To">To</span> <span word="quote">quote</span> <span word="Texas">Texas</span> <span word="Monthly">Monthly</span> <span word="magazine">magazine</span>: “<span word="The">The</span> <span word="tragedy">tragedy</span> <span word="seemed">seemed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="seal">seal</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="perception">perception</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="state">state</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="populated">populated</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="bunch">bunch</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="trigger">trigger</span>-<span word="happy">happy</span> <span word="yeehaws">yeehaws</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="beyond">beyond</span> <span word="forgiveness">forgiveness</span>.” <span word="Because">Because</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="outsiders">outsiders</span> <span word="knew">knew</span> <span word="anything">anything</span> <span word="else">else</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="Dallas">Dallas</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="assassination">assassination</span> <span word="branded">branded</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="city">city</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="truth">truth</span>, <span word="Dallas">Dallas</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1963 <span word="did">did</span> <span word="house">house</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="noisy">noisy</span> <span word="rightist">rightist</span> <span word="Kennedy">Kennedy</span>-<span word="haters">haters</span>. <span word="Days">Days</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="arrived">arrived</span>, “<span word="Wanted">Wanted</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="Treason">Treason</span>” <span word="leaflets">leaflets</span> <span word="featuring">featuring</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="appeared">appeared</span> <span word="around">around</span> <span word="town">town</span>. <span word="And">And</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="day">day</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Dallas">Dallas</span> <span word="Morning">Morning</span> <span word="News">News</span> <span word="published">published</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="ominously">ominously</span> <span word="black">black</span>-<span word="bordered">bordered</span> <span word="full">full</span>-<span word="page">page</span> <span word="ad">ad</span> <span word="portraying">portraying</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="communist">communist</span> <span word="fellow">fellow</span>-<span word="traveller">traveller</span>. <span word="Reading">Reading</span> <span word="it">it</span>, <span word="Kennedy">Kennedy</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="wife">wife</span>: “<span word="Were">Were</span> <span word="heading">heading</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="nut">nut</span> <span word="country">country</span> <span word="today">today</span>.” 《德克萨斯月刊》(<span word="Texas">Texas</span> <span word="Monthly">Monthly</span>)写道：“那起悲剧似乎把世人对本州的印象固定了下来，即一个充斥着牛仔的州，那些牛仔动辄开枪、根本不值得原谅。”因为外面的人对达拉斯的其他方面知之甚少，于是刺杀事件成了这座城市的标签。事实上，1963年的达拉斯确实有一些讨厌肯尼迪、吵吵嚷嚷的右翼分子。在肯尼迪抵达达拉斯之前的几天，印着他的肖像、写有“通缉叛国者”(<span word="Wanted">Wanted</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="Treason">Treason</span>)的传单在城里随处可见。就在肯尼迪遇刺当天，《达拉斯晨报》(<span word="Dallas">Dallas</span> <span word="Morning">Morning</span> <span word="News">News</span>)整版刊出了一则颇不吉利的黑边广告，将他描绘为“共产主义的同路人”。看到广告，肯尼迪对妻子说：“我们今天要去一个疯子国了。” <span word="After">After</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="murder">murder</span>, <span word="many">many</span> <span word="diagnosed">diagnosed</span> <span word="city">city</span>-<span word="wide">wide</span> <span word="hate">hate</span>. <span word="Bill">Bill</span> <span word="Minutaglio">Minutaglio</span>, <span word="co">co</span>-<span word="author">author</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="Dallas">Dallas</span> 1963, <span word="says">says</span>: “<span word="Nothing">Nothing</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="happened">happened</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Dallas">Dallas</span>.” 肯尼迪遇刺后，许多人称达拉斯充斥着仇恨。新书《达拉斯1963》(<span word="Dallas">Dallas</span> 1963)的合著者比尔米努塔利奥(<span word="Bill">Bill</span> <span word="Minutaglio">Minutaglio</span>)说：“除了达拉斯，这种事不可能在其他任何地方发生。” <span word="Yet">Yet</span> <span word="blaming">blaming</span> <span word="Dallas">Dallas</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="illogical">illogical</span>. <span word="Oswald">Oswald</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="Marxist">Marxist</span> <span word="nut">nut</span>, <span word="not">not</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="rightwing">rightwing</span> <span word="nut">nut</span>. <span word="And">And</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="Rawlings">Rawlings</span> <span word="says">says</span>, “<span word="Dallas">Dallas</span> <span word="loves">loves</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="presidents">presidents</span>.” <span word="Nearly">Nearly</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="Dallasites">Dallasites</span> <span word="turned">turned</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="Kennedy">Kennedy</span>, <span word="with">with</span> <span word="barely">barely</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="unfriendly">unfriendly</span> <span word="sign">sign</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="display">display</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="motorcade">motorcade</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Texan">Texan</span> <span word="governors">governors</span> <span word="wife">wife</span>, <span word="Nellie">Nellie</span> <span word="Connally">Connally</span>, <span word="gushed">gushed</span>, “<span word="Mr">Mr</span> <span word="President">President</span>, <span word="you">you</span> <span word="cant">cant</span> <span word="say">say</span> <span word="Dallas">Dallas</span> <span word="doesnt">doesnt</span> <span word="love">love</span> <span word="you">you</span>.” <span word="She">She</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="mostly">mostly</span> <span word="right">right</span>. <span word="Assassinations">Assassinations</span>, <span word="Americans">Americans</span> <span word="soon">soon</span> <span word="learnt">learnt</span>, <span word="can">can</span> <span word="happen">happen</span> <span word="anywhere">anywhere</span>. <span word="Cities">Cities</span> <span word="dont">dont</span> <span word="kill">kill</span> <span word="people">people</span>. <span word="People">People</span> <span word="kill">kill</span> <span word="people">people</span>. 但谴责达拉斯是没有道理的。奥斯瓦尔德是马克思主义疯子，而不是右翼疯子。正如罗林斯所说：“达拉斯人爱戴总统。”近三分之一的达拉斯人为了亲眼一睹肯尼迪尊容而走出家门，现场几乎没有不友好的迹象。在车队中，德克萨斯州州长夫人内莉康纳利(<span word="Nellie">Nellie</span> <span word="Connally">Connally</span>)充满感情地说：“总统先生，您不能说达拉斯人不爱戴您。”她的话几乎没错儿。美国人很快明白，刺杀事件可能发生在任何地方。凶手不是城市，而是人。 <span word="After">After</span> 1963, <span word="says">says</span> <span word="Rawlings">Rawlings</span>, <span word="many">many</span> <span word="Dallasites">Dallasites</span> “<span word="wanted">wanted</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="move">move</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="quickly">quickly</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="possible">possible</span>”. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="rarely">rarely</span> <span word="discussed">discussed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="murder">murder</span>. <span word="Gradually">Gradually</span>, <span word="though">though</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mood">mood</span> <span word="changed">changed</span>. <span word="Rawlings">Rawlings</span> <span word="says">says</span>: “<span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> 1980<span word="s">s</span>, <span word="people">people</span> <span word="started">started</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="think">think</span>: <span word="we">we</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="home">home</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="moment">moment</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="history">history</span>. <span word="Not">Not</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="assassination">assassination</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="seemed">seemed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dawning">dawning</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="era">era</span>. <span word="After">After</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Vietnam">Vietnam</span> <span word="war">war</span>, <span word="civil">civil</span> <span word="rights">rights</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="fruition">fruition</span>, <span word="womens">womens</span> <span word="liberation">liberation</span>. <span word="There">There</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="world">world</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="door">door</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="somehow">somehow</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="walked">walked</span> <span word="through">through</span>. <span word="Citizens">Citizens</span> <span word="said">said</span>, <span word="ve">ve</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="sure">sure</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="capture">capture</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="truth">truth</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="history">history</span>.“” 罗林斯说，1963年以后，许多达拉斯人“希望尽快走出这件事的阴影”。他们很少谈及刺杀事件。但民众的情绪渐渐变了。罗林斯说：“20世纪80年代，人们开始认为，达拉斯见证了一个非常重要的历史时刻。这不仅是因为那一刻发生了刺杀事件，更是因为那一刻似乎标志着一个新时代的到来。在那之后，越战升级、民权运动开花结果、第二波女权运动兴起。世界焕然一新，人类历史不知怎么的翻开了新的篇章。当时的达拉斯人说，‘我们必须确保准确地理解这段历史。’” <span word="Oswald">Oswald</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="shot">shot</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sixth">sixth</span> <span word="floor">floor</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Texas">Texas</span> <span word="School">School</span> <span word="Book">Book</span> <span word="Depository">Depository</span>. <span word="Plans">Plans</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="tear">tear</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="building">building</span> <span word="down">down</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="dropped">dropped</span>. <span word="In">In</span> 1989 <span word="it">it</span> <span word="became">became</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="museum">museum</span>. <span word="Rawlings">Rawlings</span> <span word="says">says</span>, “<span word="For">For</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="site">site</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="someone">someone</span> <span word="visited">visited</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="said">said</span>, <span word="What">What</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="afternoon">afternoon</span>?” <span word="you">you</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="say">say</span>, <span word="Want">Want</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="down">down</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Sixth">Sixth</span> <span word="Floor">Floor</span> <span word="Museum">Museum</span>?“” 奥斯瓦尔德开枪的地方，位于达拉斯的德克萨斯州教科书仓库大楼(<span word="Texas">Texas</span> <span word="School">School</span> <span word="Book">Book</span> <span word="Depository">Depository</span>)六层。达拉斯有过种种拆除那座大楼的计划，但后来都未执行。1989年，那座大楼变成了一座博物馆。罗林斯说：“多年以来，那座博物馆一直是来达拉斯的人必须造访的景点。如果有人来达拉斯拜访你，问你下午想干嘛？你会回答说，想不想去六楼博物馆(<span word="Sixth">Sixth</span> <span word="Floor">Floor</span> <span word="Museum">Museum</span>)？” <span word="He">He</span> <span word="adds">adds</span>: “<span word="I">I</span> <span word="dont">dont</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="defensive">defensive</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="try">try</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="remove">remove</span> <span word="anything">anything</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span>. <span word="That">That</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="history">history</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Dallas">Dallas</span>.” <span word="Even">Even</span> <span word="Oswald">Oswald</span>, <span word="says">says</span> <span word="Rawlings">Rawlings</span>, <span word="belongs">belongs</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="citys">citys</span> <span word="history">history</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="attended">attended</span> <span word="elementary">elementary</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Dallas">Dallas</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="returned">returned</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1962 <span word="after">after</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="Soviet">Soviet</span> <span word="jaunt">jaunt</span>. 他补充道：“我觉得我们不应该戒备心太强，或抹掉过去的任何痕迹。事实就是事实。那段历史将永远留在达拉斯身上。”罗林斯说，即便是奥斯瓦尔德，也将永远在达拉斯的历史占有一席之地。他曾在达拉斯上小学，短暂游历苏联后于1962年又回到该市。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="city">city</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="face">face</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="facts">facts</span> <span word="today">today</span> <span word="largely">largely</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="assassinations">assassinations</span> <span word="stigma">stigma</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="faded">faded</span>. <span word="Rawlings">Rawlings</span> <span word="says">says</span>: “<span word="With">With</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="changed">changed</span>, <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="arrival">arrival</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Dallas">Dallas</span> <span word="Cowboys">Cowboys</span> [<span word="football">football</span> <span word="team">team</span>] <span word="and">and</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="Dallas">Dallas</span> <span word="started">started</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="for">for</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="became">became</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="secondary">secondary</span> <span word="branding">branding</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="city">city</span>.” 达拉斯如今能够直面这些现实，很大程度上是因为刺杀事件带来的耻辱感已经褪去。罗林斯说：“随着时间的推移，人们开始因达拉斯牛仔队（<span word="Dallas">Dallas</span> <span word="Cowboys">Cowboys</span>，美式橄榄球队）等各种其他的东西知道达拉斯。刺杀事件成为了达拉斯众多标志中比较不显著的一个。” <span word="On">On</span> <span word="Friday">Friday</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="watching">watching</span> <span word="Dallas">Dallas</span>. <span word="Rawlings">Rawlings</span> <span word="says">says</span>: “<span word="Before">Before</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="became">became</span> <span word="mayor">mayor</span>, <span word="I">I</span> <span word="realised">realised</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="moment">moment</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="pay">pay</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="attention">attention</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Dallas">Dallas</span> <span word="while">while</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="mayor">mayor</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="November">November</span> 22 2013. <span word="People">People</span> <span word="look">look</span> <span word="to">to</span> 50<span word="th">th</span> <span word="anniversaries">anniversaries</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="remember">remember</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="were">were</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="retell">retell</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="story">story</span>.” <span word="Fridays">Fridays</span> <span word="commemoration">commemoration</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="sober">sober</span> <span word="and">and</span> “<span word="very">very</span> <span word="untouristy">untouristy</span>”, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="adds">adds</span>. “<span word="Im">Im</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="shy">shy</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="trying">trying</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="day">day</span>. <span word="If">If</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="stand">stand</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="straight">straight</span>, <span word="salute">salute</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="president">president</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="move">move</span> <span word="on">on</span>, <span word="I">I</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="Dallas">Dallas</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="whats">whats</span> <span word="right">right</span>. <span word="Our">Our</span> <span word="brand">brand</span> <span word="wont">wont</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="this">this</span>.” 本周五（11月22日），达拉斯将汇聚世界的目光。罗林斯说：“我在当上市长之前就意识到，我任期内人们最关注达拉斯的时刻将是2013年11月22日。人们关注50周年。他们回忆过去，而你要重新讲述那段历史。”他补充道，周五的纪念活动将是庄重的，也“尽量不会带有吸引游客的色彩”。“我很担心这一天的纪念活动过于大张旗鼓。如果我能笔直地站起身，向肯尼迪总统致敬，然后把历史的这一页翻过去，我觉得达拉斯就做对了。我们无法凭借纪念活动树立我们的形象。” <span word="Where">Where</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="Rawlings">Rawlings</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="November">November</span> 22 1963? “<span word="In">In</span> <span word="elementary">elementary</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Leawood">Leawood</span>, <span word="Kansas">Kansas</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="moved">moved</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="gymnasium">gymnasium</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="remember">remember</span> <span word="sitting">sitting</span> <span word="Indian">Indian</span>-<span word="style">style</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="floor">floor</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="principal">principal</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="us">us</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="sent">sent</span> <span word="home">home</span>. <span word="My">My</span> <span word="mother">mother</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="passed">passed</span> <span word="away">away</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="gave">gave</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="stack">stack</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="letters">letters</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="elementary">elementary</span>-<span word="school">school</span> <span word="grade">grade</span> <span word="write">write</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="reflections">reflections</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="weekend">weekend</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="marvellous">marvellous</span>. <span word="Just">Just</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="bunch">bunch</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="kids">kids</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="random">random</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Kansas">Kansas</span> <span word="talking">talking</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="shows">shows</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="depth">depth</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="breadth">breadth</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="moment">moment</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="peoples">peoples</span> <span word="lives">lives</span>.” 1963年11月22日那天，罗林斯在哪儿？“那天我在堪萨斯州利伍德(<span word="Leawood">Leawood</span>)的一所小学里。校方将我们转移到体育馆，我记得大家盘腿坐在地板上，校长向我们介绍了事件的经过，然后学校就宣布放学了。我母亲是小学教师，她曾让自己教的小学生写作文，叙述他们对周末那起事件的感想，后来她在去世前将那一叠作文交给了我。看到那一叠作文，我感觉很奇妙。堪萨斯州一所普通的小学里的孩子们都在作文里谈论此事，仅此就能表明，这一历史瞬间对人们的生活产生了多么广泛而深刻的影响。” </p>
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