海国百态:2013年的巴西何去何从
当我开始接受巴西外交历史学教育、以期在该领域成为一名专家的时候，朋友和家人都担心，我的人生注定会在沉闷与孤独中度过、整日与尘封的档案为伴。在本世纪之前，没有谁会在意或担心巴西的外交政策。<span word="But">But</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="changed">changed</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="US">US</span> <span word="went">went</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="war">war</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Middle">Middle</span> <span word="East">East</span>, <span word="Europe">Europe</span> <span word="faltered">faltered</span>, <span word="Asia">Asia</span> <span word="rose">rose</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="institutions">institutions</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="governed">governed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="evidently">evidently</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="longer">longer</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="task">task</span>. <span word="Unsettling">Unsettling</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="were">were</span>, <span word="these">these</span> <span word="transformations">transformations</span> <span word="opened">opened</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="opportunities">opportunities</span>. <span word="Brazil">Brazil</span> <span word="responded">responded</span> <span word="accordingly">accordingly</span>.但本世纪以来，世界发生了改变。美国在中东发动了战争，欧洲的发展步履蹒跚，亚洲实现了崛起，全球治理机构显然已不再胜任自己的工作。尽管这些变化令人感到不安，但它们却带来了一个充满机会的新世界。巴西也作出了相应的反应。<span word="It">It</span> <span word="sponsored">sponsored</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="web">web</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="regional">regional</span> <span word="institutions">institutions</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="South">South</span> <span word="America">America</span>, <span word="dished">dished</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="aid">aid</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="assistance">assistance</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Africa">Africa</span>, <span word="flexed">flexed</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="muscles">muscles</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="World">World</span> <span word="Trade">Trade</span> <span word="Organisation">Organisation</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="pushed">pushed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="organisations">organisations</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="G">G</span>20 <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Brics">Brics</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="fixtures">fixtures</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="international">international</span> <span word="landscape">landscape</span>. <span word="By">By</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="financial">financial</span> <span word="crisis">crisis</span> <span word="hit">hit</span> <span word="in">in</span> 2007, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="capitals">capitals</span> <span word="around">around</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="globe">globe</span> <span word="everyone">everyone</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="asking">asking</span>: <span word="what">what</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="Brazil">Brazil</span> <span word="want">want</span>?巴西向南美的一系列地区性机构提供了资助，向非洲慷慨地提供援助和帮助，在世贸组织(<span word="WTO">WTO</span>)中展现了自己的实力，努力推动20国集团(<span word="G">G</span>20)和金砖国家（巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国和南非，简称<span word="Brics">Brics</span>）等组织成为国际舞台上的新角色。到了2007年全球金融危机爆发的时候，世界各国的政界人士都在问：巴西这次想要什么？<span word="The">The</span> <span word="typical">typical</span> <span word="answers">answers</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="inauspicious">inauspicious</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="Foreign">Foreign</span> <span word="Affairs">Affairs</span> <span word="magazine">magazine</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="read">read</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="Brazil">Brazil</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="an">an</span> “<span word="irresponsible">irresponsible</span> <span word="stakeholder">stakeholder</span>”, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Foreign">Foreign</span> <span word="Policy">Policy</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="aid">aid</span> <span word="policies">policies</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="more">more</span> “<span word="corrupt">corrupt</span>, <span word="chaotic">chaotic</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="authoritarian">authoritarian</span>”. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="piece">piece</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Global">Global</span> <span word="Governance">Governance</span> <span word="portrays">portrays</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="country">country</span> <span word="as">as</span> “<span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="revisionist">revisionist</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="emerging">emerging</span> <span word="powers">powers</span>... <span word="a">a</span> <span word="rising">rising</span> <span word="spoiler">spoiler</span>”.我看到的答案一般是负面的。在《外交》(<span word="Foreign">Foreign</span> <span word="Affairs">Affairs</span>)杂志上，你可以读到，巴西是一个“不负责任的利益攸关者”。《外交政策》(<span word="Foreign">Foreign</span> <span word="Policy">Policy</span>)杂志则认为，巴西的援助政策会让世界变得更加“腐败、混乱和专制”。《全球治理》(<span word="Global">Global</span> <span word="Governance">Governance</span>)期刊中的一篇文章，将巴西描述为“所有新兴大国中修正主义倾向最强的国家……一个崛起中的捣乱者。”<span word="To">To</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="mind">mind</span>, <span word="such">such</span> <span word="criticisms">criticisms</span> <span word="miss">miss</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="subtle">subtle</span> <span word="point">point</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Brazilian">Brazilian</span> <span word="establishment">establishment</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="itself">itself</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="challenger">challenger</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="global">global</span> <span word="order">order</span>, <span word="even">even</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="eyes">eyes</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="remains">remains</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="nasty">nasty</span> <span word="place">place</span> <span word="dominated">dominated</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="handful">handful</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="powerful">powerful</span> <span word="nations">nations</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="keep">keep</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="likes">likes</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Brazil">Brazil</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="place">place</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="solution">solution</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="says">says</span>, <span word="lies">lies</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="piecemeal">piecemeal</span> <span word="reforms">reforms</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="mitigate">mitigate</span> <span word="existing">existing</span> <span word="inequalities">inequalities</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="power">power</span>. <span word="Nobody">Nobody</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Brasilia">Brasilia</span> <span word="wants">wants</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="rock">rock</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="boat">boat</span> - <span word="just">just</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="bigger">bigger</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="balanced">balanced</span>.在我看来，这种批评忽略了很微妙的一点。巴西当局并不认为自己是全球秩序的挑战者，尽管在其眼中这个世界仍是由少数强国主导的“肮脏之地”（这些强国会尽其所能让巴西这样的国家“保持本分”）。巴西当局表示，为了解决世界面临的问题，应推进渐进的改革，以缓解目前存在的权力不平等。没有哪位巴西政界人士想把船弄翻，他们只是想把船变大、并让它变得更加平衡。<span word="Thus">Thus</span> <span word="Brazil">Brazil</span> <span word="says">says</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="cherishing">cherishing</span> <span word="non">non</span>-<span word="proliferation">proliferation</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="thing">thing</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="sanctioning">sanctioning</span> <span word="Iran">Iran</span> <span word="while">while</span> <span word="rewarding">rewarding</span> <span word="nuclear">nuclear</span>-<span word="armed">armed</span> <span word="Israel">Israel</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="India">India</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="counterproductive">counterproductive</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="argues">argues</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lover">lover</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="democracy">democracy</span>, <span word="just">just</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="US">US</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="ideal">ideal</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="served">served</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="lifting">lifting</span> <span word="a">a</span> 50-<span word="year">year</span> <span word="embargo">embargo</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="Cuba">Cuba</span>. <span word="And">And</span> <span word="while">while</span> <span word="Brasilia">Brasilia</span> <span word="argues">argues</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="right">right</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="proper">proper</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="suspend">suspend</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="countrys">countrys</span> <span word="sovereign">sovereign</span> <span word="rights">rights</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="rulers">rulers</span> <span word="sponsor">sponsor</span> <span word="mass">mass</span> <span word="atrocities">atrocities</span> <span word="against">against</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="people">people</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="insists">insists</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="Natos">Natos</span> <span word="behaviour">behaviour</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Libya">Libya</span> <span word="smacked">smacked</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="neocolonialism">neocolonialism</span>.因此巴西才表示，核不扩散确实应该得到重视，但在制裁伊朗的同时奖赏拥有核武装的以色列和印度只能起到反效果。巴西还认为，你可以像美国那样推崇民主，但这种理想最好通过取消对古巴长达50年的禁运来体现。此外，虽然巴西当局认为，当一国统治者在背后支持针对本国人民的大规模暴行时，中止该国的主权是正确和适当的，但它同时也坚持认为，北约(<span word="NATO">NATO</span>)在利比亚的所作所为有一丝新殖民主义的味道。<span word="Yet">Yet</span>, <span word="when">when</span> <span word="push">push</span> <span word="comes">comes</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="shove">shove</span>, <span word="Brazil">Brazil</span> <span word="struggles">struggles</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="explain">explain</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="balanced">balanced</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="dreams">dreams</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="look">look</span> <span word="like">like</span>. <span word="Securing">Securing</span> <span word="itself">itself</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="permanent">permanent</span> <span word="seat">seat</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="reformed">reformed</span> <span word="UN">UN</span> <span word="Security">Security</span> <span word="Council">Council</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="enjoying">enjoying</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="extra">extra</span> <span word="perks">perks</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Bretton">Bretton</span> <span word="Woods">Woods</span> <span word="institutions">institutions</span>, <span word="does">does</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="add">add</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="compelling">compelling</span> <span word="vision">vision</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="others">others</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="share">share</span>. <span word="Nor">Nor</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="platitudes">platitudes</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="South">South</span> <span word="America">America</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="space">space</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="peace">peace</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="co">co</span>-<span word="operation">operation</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="fail">fail</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="address">address</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="worries">worries</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Brazils">Brazils</span> <span word="neighbours">neighbours</span>, <span word="some">some</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="whom">whom</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="it">it</span>, <span word="sometimes">sometimes</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="unaccommodating">unaccommodating</span> <span word="regional">regional</span> <span word="hegemon">hegemon</span>.然而，到了关键时刻，巴西还是很难解释其梦想中的更为平衡的世界究竟是什么样的。在改革后的联合国安理会(<span word="UN">UN</span> <span word="Security">Security</span> <span word="Council">Council</span>)斩获一个永久席位，或在布雷顿森林(<span word="Bretton">Bretton</span> <span word="Woods">Woods</span>)机构中享有少许额外特权，并不意味着拥有一个其他国家都认同的诱人愿景——有关南美是和平与合作之地的陈词滥调也是如此，因为这种说法并没有化解巴西邻国的很多担忧。有时候，这些邻国还将巴西视为一个不友好的地区霸主。<span word="Brazil">Brazil</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="sharing">sharing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="burden">burden</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="global">global</span> <span word="governance">governance</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="before">before</span> - <span word="for">for</span> <span word="example">example</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="peace">peace</span>-<span word="keeping">keeping</span> <span word="troops">troops</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Haiti">Haiti</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="while">while</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="diplomatic">diplomatic</span> <span word="service">service</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="expanded">expanded</span> <span word="rapidly">rapidly</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="past">past</span> <span word="decade">decade</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="remains">remains</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="underfunded">underfunded</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="country">country</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="truly">truly</span> <span word="project">project</span> <span word="itself">itself</span> <span word="abroad">abroad</span>.巴西目前分担的全球治理责任要超过以往，它派驻海地的维和部队就是一例。不过，尽管过去十年里巴西的外交服务发展得很迅速，但这种服务的规模依然太小、支撑这种服务的资金也严重不足，这使得巴西难以真正在海外发挥自己的影响力。<span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="say">say</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="Brazil">Brazil</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="exceptionally">exceptionally</span> <span word="equipped">equipped</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="bridge">bridge</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="worlds">worlds</span> <span word="rich">rich</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="poor">poor</span>, <span word="black">black</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="white">white</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Arabs">Arabs</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Jews">Jews</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="ethnically">ethnically</span> <span word="mixed">mixed</span> <span word="society">society</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="living">living</span> <span word="proof">proof</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="reconciled">reconciled</span> <span word="national">national</span> <span word="contradictions">contradictions</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="record">record</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="international">international</span> <span word="mediation">mediation</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="impressive">impressive</span>.有人认为，在弥合世上的富人与穷人、黑人与白人、阿拉伯人与犹太人之间的鸿沟方面，巴西有着独特的优势，因为其由各种族混合而成的社会能够生动地证明，民族矛盾是可以调和的。但巴西在国际调解方面的往绩却并不出色。<span word="Others">Others</span> <span word="argue">argue</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="Brazil">Brazil</span> <span word="represents">represents</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="voice">voice</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="global">global</span> <span word="disfranchised">disfranchised</span>. <span word="Yet">Yet</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rhetoric">rhetoric</span> <span word="of">of</span> “<span word="development">development</span>”, <span word="Brazilian">Brazilian</span> <span word="foreign">foreign</span> <span word="policy">policy</span> <span word="promotes">promotes</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="business">business</span> <span word="abroad">abroad</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="seriously">seriously</span> <span word="working">working</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="improve">improve</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Brazilian">Brazilian</span> <span word="majority">majority</span>, <span word="who">who</span> <span word="remain">remain</span> <span word="either">either</span> <span word="poor">poor</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="poor">poor</span>.还有人认为，巴西代表着全球弱势群体的声音。然而，尽管巴西高举“发展”旗帜，其对外政策仍是促进大企业在海外的发展，而不是真正努力去改善大多数巴西人的命运——这些人仍处在贫穷或非常贫困的境地。<span word="No">No</span> <span word="wonder">wonder</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="construed">construed</span> <span word="Brazils">Brazils</span> <span word="quest">quest</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="greater">greater</span> <span word="status">status</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="exercise">exercise</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="national">national</span> <span word="vanity">vanity</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="pride">pride</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sense">sense</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="entitlement">entitlement</span> <span word="based">based</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="countrys">countrys</span> <span word="belief">belief</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="exceptionalism">exceptionalism</span>. <span word="Exceptionalist">Exceptionalist</span> <span word="accounts">accounts</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="common">common</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="major">major</span> <span word="powers">powers</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="aristocratic">aristocratic</span> <span word="quality">quality</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="rests">rests</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="assumption">assumption</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="nations">nations</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="operate">operate</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="basis">basis</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="do">do</span> (<span word="a">a</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="bourgeois">bourgeois</span> <span word="ideal">ideal</span>).难怪一些人认为，巴西提高自身地位的努力纯粹出于民族虚荣心和自豪感，也就是一种因信仰本国例外论而产生的优越感。对所有主要大国来说，本国例外论的观点都很常见。这是一种相当贵族化的品质，它基于一个假设，即各国的运行可以“它们是谁”、而非以“它们做什么”为基础（一种有资产阶级倾向的理想）。<span word="Perhaps">Perhaps</span> <span word="Brazils">Brazils</span> <span word="pride">pride</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="understandable">understandable</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="view">view</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="history">history</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="imperialism">imperialism</span> <span word="under">under</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="French">French</span>, <span word="Spanish">Spanish</span>, <span word="Portuguese">Portuguese</span>, <span word="Dutch">Dutch</span>, <span word="British">British</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Americans">Americans</span>. <span word="Only">Only</span> 40 <span word="years">years</span> <span word="ago">ago</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="example">example</span>, <span word="this">this</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="British">British</span> <span word="ambassador">ambassador</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Rio">Rio</span> <span word="de">de</span> <span word="Janeiro">Janeiro</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="say">say</span>: “<span word="The">The</span> <span word="Brazilians">Brazilians</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="tremendously">tremendously</span> <span word="second">second</span>-<span word="rate">rate</span> <span word="people">people</span>: <span word="but">but</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="equally">equally</span> <span word="obvious">obvious</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="first">first</span>-<span word="rate">rate</span> <span word="future">future</span>.” <span word="Today">Today</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="natural">natural</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="Brazilians">Brazilians</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="stand">stand</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="hegemonic">hegemonic</span> <span word="presumptions">presumptions</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="prevalent">prevalent</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span>.考虑到巴西在法国人、西班牙人、葡萄牙人、荷兰人、英国人和美洲人治下的悠久帝国主义历史，它的自豪感或许是可以理解的。比如说，就在40年前，英国驻里约热内卢大使还不得不这么说，“巴西人现在显然仍是二等人，但同样显然的是，他们正走在成为一等人的道路上”。今天，巴西人应该站起来对这种他们认为仍盛行于世界的霸权推定说不——这是再自然不过的事情。<span word="As">As</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="watch">watch</span> <span word="Brazils">Brazils</span> <span word="current">current</span> <span word="rise">rise</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dusty">dusty</span> <span word="safety">safety</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="archives">archives</span>, <span word="my">my</span> <span word="hope">hope</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="global">global</span> <span word="conversation">conversation</span>.从尘封的档案中，我目睹了巴西崛起的过程。我的希望是，巴西能够加入到全球对话中。<span word="It">It</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="shame">shame</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="policymakers">policymakers</span> <span word="east">east</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="west">west</span> <span word="dismissed">dismissed</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="Brazilian">Brazilian</span> <span word="leaders">leaders</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="say">say</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="disruptive">disruptive</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="irrelevant">irrelevant</span> <span word="without">without</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="giving">giving</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="benefit">benefit</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="doubt">doubt</span>. <span word="And">And</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="self">self</span>-<span word="inflicted">inflicted</span> <span word="wound">wound</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="Brazilian">Brazilian</span> <span word="statesmen">statesmen</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="walk">walk</span> <span word="away">away</span>, <span word="blinded">blinded</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="overly">overly</span> <span word="fervent">fervent</span> <span word="sense">sense</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="national">national</span> <span word="pride">pride</span>.如果东西方政策制定者对巴西领导人不得不说的话不作任何善意理解、就认定这些说法纯属捣乱或毫不重要，那就太令人遗憾了。另一方面，如果巴西政治家面对这种局面、被一种过于强烈的民族自豪感蒙蔽了双眼而选择背身而去，那将让巴西蒙受自找的伤害。<span word="After">After</span> <span word="all">all</span>, <span word="Brazils">Brazils</span> <span word="trajectory">trajectory</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="colony">colony</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="powerhouse">powerhouse</span>, <span word="from">from</span> <span word="stale">stale</span> <span word="dictatorship">dictatorship</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="vibrant">vibrant</span> <span word="democracy">democracy</span>, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="simply">simply</span> <span word="spectacular">spectacular</span>. <span word="Theres">Theres</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="powerful">powerful</span> <span word="message">message</span> <span word="there">there</span>.毕竟，巴西从殖民地到经济强国、从腐朽的独裁制度到生机勃勃的民主制度的转变是一件了不起的事情。这件事传递出了强有力的信号。<span word="Matias">Matias</span> <span word="Spektor">Spektor</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> 2013 <span word="Rio">Rio</span> <span word="Branco">Branco</span> <span word="Chair">Chair</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="International">International</span> <span word="Relations">Relations</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="King">King</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="College">College</span> <span word="London">London</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="associate">associate</span> <span word="professor">professor</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="Funda">Funda</span>??<span word="o">o</span> <span word="Getulio">Getulio</span> <span word="Vargas">Vargas</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Rio">Rio</span> <span word="de">de</span> <span word="Janeiro">Janeiro</span>本文作者为伦敦国王学院(<span word="Kings">Kings</span> <span word="College">College</span> <span word="London">London</span>) 2013届“里奥?布兰科”国际关系学教授(<span word="the">the</span> 2013 <span word="Rio">Rio</span> <span word="Branco">Branco</span> <span word="Chair">Chair</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="International">International</span> <span word="Relations">Relations</span>)、里约热内卢“热图利奥?瓦尔加斯基金会”(<span word="Funda">Funda</span>??<span word="o">o</span> <span word="Getulio">Getulio</span> <span word="Vargas">Vargas</span>)副教授</p>
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