历经世事沧桑的纽约中央车站
纽约中央车站<span word="The">The</span> <span word="survivor">survivor</span>历经世事沧桑的幸存者<span word="As">As</span> <span word="thestation">thestation</span> <span word="celebrates">celebrates</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="centennial">centennial</span>, <span word="New">New</span> <span word="York">York</span> <span word="looks">looks</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="next">next</span> 100 <span word="years">years</span>.中央车站迎来百年庆典，此时纽约仿佛看到了下一个100年“<span word="EUROPE">EUROPE</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="cathedralsand">cathedralsand</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="Grand">Grand</span> <span word="Central">Central</span> <span word="Station">Station</span>,” <span word="said">said</span> <span word="Philip">Philip</span> <span word="Johnson">Johnson</span>, <span word="an">an</span> <span word="architect">architect</span>, <span word="when">when</span> <span word="healong">healong</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="Jackie">Jackie</span> <span word="Kennedy">Kennedy</span> <span word="Onassis">Onassis</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Kent">Kent</span> <span word="Barwick">Barwick</span>, <span word="then">then</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="director">director</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="NewYork">NewYork</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="Municipal">Municipal</span> <span word="Art">Art</span> <span word="Society">Society</span> (<span word="MAS">MAS</span>), <span word="fought">fought</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="save">save</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="station">station</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="demolitionin">demolitionin</span> <span word="the">the</span> 1970<span word="s">s</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="took">took</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="Supreme">Supreme</span> <span word="Court">Court</span> <span word="decision">decision</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="save">save</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="magnificentBeaux">magnificentBeaux</span>-<span word="Arts">Arts</span> <span word="building">building</span>; <span word="but">but</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="survived">survived</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="launched">launched</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="year">year</span>-<span word="long">long</span> <span word="centennialcelebration">centennialcelebration</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="February">February</span> 1<span word="st">st</span>.“欧洲有大教堂，我们有中央车站，” 建筑大师菲利普·约翰逊（<span word="Philip">Philip</span> <span word="Johnson">Johnson</span>）与杰奎琳·肯尼迪·奥纳西斯（<span word="Jackie">Jackie</span> <span word="Kennedy">Kennedy</span> <span word="Onassis">Onassis</span>）和肯特·巴维克（<span word="Kent">Kent</span> <span word="Barwick">Barwick</span>）在一起的时候曾这样说过。在20世纪70年代，纽约市政艺术协会（<span word="MAS">MAS</span>）的一名导演曾为中央车站免于拆迁而奋斗奔波。最高法院下令才使这座宏伟的艺术建筑免于毁坏，不管怎样它幸存了下来，并在2月1日举行了百年庆典。<span word="The">The</span> <span word="station">station</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="architectural">architectural</span> <span word="oddities">oddities</span>, <span word="stilldelight">stilldelight</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="concave">concave</span> <span word="ceiling">ceiling</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="main">main</span> <span word="concourse">concourse</span> <span word="depicting">depicting</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="constellationsdraws">constellationsdraws</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="eye">eye</span> <span word="upwards">upwards</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="station">station</span> <span word="helped">helped</span> <span word="create">create</span> <span word="New">New</span> <span word="York">York</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="premiere">premiere</span> <span word="businessdistrict">businessdistrict</span>, <span word="where">where</span> 250,000 <span word="people">people</span> <span word="work">work</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="serves">serves</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="well">well</span>.中央车站的建筑风格奇异，但又赏心悦目，中心大厅星空穹顶引得人们抬头观看。中央车站带动创造了可容纳25万人工作的纽约主商业区，并且为商业区提供良好的服务。<span word="The">The</span> <span word="station">station</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="construction">construction</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="vast">vast</span> <span word="undertaking">undertaking</span>:25 <span word="miles">miles</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="water">water</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="sewer">sewer</span> <span word="lines">lines</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="relocated">relocated</span>, <span word="and">and</span> 3<span word="m">m</span> <span word="cubic">cubic</span> <span word="yards">yards</span> <span word="ofdirt">ofdirt</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="rock">rock</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="excavated">excavated</span>. <span word="Trackswere">Trackswere</span> <span word="lowered">lowered</span> <span word="underground">underground</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="electrified">electrified</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ground">ground</span> <span word="above">above</span> <span word="became">became</span> <span word="Park">Park</span> <span word="Avenue">Avenue</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="station">station</span>,<span word="since">since</span> 1991 <span word="home">home</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="acommuter">acommuter</span> <span word="line">line</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="several">several</span> <span word="subway">subway</span> <span word="lines">lines</span>, <span word="was">was</span> <span word="once">once</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="main">main</span> <span word="gateway">gateway</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rest">rest</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="thecountry">thecountry</span>. <span word="In">In</span> 1913, 75,000 <span word="passed">passed</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="station">station</span> <span word="per">per</span> <span word="day">day</span>; <span word="today">today</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="numberis">numberis</span> 750,000, <span word="with">with</span> 1<span word="m">m</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="passing">passing</span> <span word="though">though</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="station">station</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="busy">busy</span> <span word="days">days</span>. <span word="Some">Some</span>160,000 <span word="more">more</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="expected">expected</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="commuter">commuter</span> <span word="line">line</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Long">Long</span> <span word="Island">Island</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="extended">extended</span> <span word="toGrand">toGrand</span> <span word="Central">Central</span> <span word="in">in</span> 2019.建造中央车站是一项浩大的工程：必须重新安置25英里的自来水管道和污水管道，挖掘300万立方土石，铁轨降到地下，统一电气化，地面是公园大道。自1991年成为通勤站和几条地铁线的始发站以来，中央车站曾是人们出入美国其他地方的主要通道。1913年车站每天接待75000人，现在达到75万人，高峰时段会达到100万人。如果2019年中央车站开通连接长岛的交通线，届时车站每天通过人数预计会再增16万。<span word="Michael">Michael</span> <span word="Bloomberg">Bloomberg</span>, <span word="New">New</span> <span word="York">York</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="mayor">mayor</span>, <span word="wants">wants</span> <span word="toensure">toensure</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="surrounding">surrounding</span> <span word="area">area</span>, <span word="home">home</span> <span word="to">to</span> 14 <span word="Fortune">Fortune</span> 500 <span word="companies">companies</span>, <span word="remains">remains</span> <span word="adesirable">adesirable</span> <span word="business">business</span> <span word="district">district</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="proposed">proposed</span> <span word="changing">changing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="zoning">zoning</span> <span word="laws">laws</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span>78-<span word="block">block</span> <span word="area">area</span> <span word="around">around</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="station">station</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="East">East</span> <span word="Midtown">Midtown</span>. <span word="Re">Re</span>-<span word="zoning">zoning</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="iteasier">iteasier</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="demolish">demolish</span> <span word="out">out</span>-<span word="of">of</span>-<span word="date">date</span> <span word="buildings">buildings</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="allow">allow</span> <span word="grander">grander</span> <span word="commercial">commercial</span> <span word="space">space</span> <span word="tobe">tobe</span> <span word="built">built</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="wants">wants</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="partially">partially</span> <span word="pedestrianise">pedestrianise</span> <span word="Vanderbilt">Vanderbilt</span> <span word="Avenue">Avenue</span>, <span word="anunderused">anunderused</span> <span word="street">street</span> <span word="behind">behind</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="station">station</span> <span word="named">named</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="railway">railway</span> <span word="tycoon">tycoon</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="area">area</span> <span word="doeshave">doeshave</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="older">older</span> <span word="buildings">buildings</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="vacancy">vacancy</span> <span word="rates">rates</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="average">average</span> <span word="age">age</span> <span word="ofoffice">ofoffice</span> <span word="buildings">buildings</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="area">area</span> <span word="is">is</span> 73, <span word="much">much</span> <span word="older">older</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="similar">similar</span> <span word="places">places</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="globalrivals">globalrivals</span>.纽约市长迈克尔·布隆伯格（<span word="Michael">Michael</span> <span word="Bloomberg">Bloomberg</span>）希望确保周围区域仍是令人满意的商业区，它也是14家财富500强公司的所在地。他提议改变东中城车站附近78个区域的分区法规。重新划区将更好地拆除过时的建筑，建造大规模的商业区。他还希望把部分范德比尔特大道设为行人专区，这条大道以一位铁路大亨命名，位于中央车站后方，当时还未投入使用。这片区域有许多老建筑，空置率很高，办公大楼的平均年龄是73岁，比全球同类地区建筑的历史久远得多。<span word="New">New</span> <span word="York">York</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="history">history</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="bold">bold</span> <span word="vision">vision</span>. <span word="Its">Its</span> <span word="streetgrid">streetgrid</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="designed">designed</span> <span word="for">for</span> 1<span word="m">m</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="population">population</span> <span word="barely">barely</span> <span word="topped">topped</span> 100,000.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="subway">subway</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="built">built</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="New">New</span> <span word="York">York</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="farmland">farmland</span>. <span word="Mr">Mr</span> <span word="Bloomberg">Bloomberg</span> <span word="haslong">haslong</span> <span word="looked">looked</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="future">future</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="re">re</span>-<span word="zoned">zoned</span> 36% <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="city">city</span> <span word="since">since</span> 2002. <span word="Withjust">Withjust</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="year">year</span> <span word="left">left</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="term">term</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="moving">moving</span> <span word="quickly">quickly</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="plans">plans</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="concern">concern</span> <span word="many">many</span>, <span word="like">like</span> <span word="VinCipolla">VinCipolla</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="present">present</span> <span word="head">head</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="MAS">MAS</span>, <span word="who">who</span> <span word="accepts">accepts</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="midtown">midtown</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="evolve">evolve</span>, <span word="butis">butis</span> <span word="worried">worried</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="unprotected">unprotected</span> <span word="historic">historic</span> <span word="buildings">buildings</span>. <span word="Just">Just</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="Mrs">Mrs</span> <span word="Onassis">Onassis</span>.纽约向来具备远见胆识，其街道的设计流量为100万人，而当时人口才刚刚10万人，在大部分土地仍是农田的情况下就修建地铁。布隆伯格一直放眼未来，自2002年以来曾重新划分了纽约36%的地区。在即将离任的一年里，他快速实施自己的规划，使得许多人为之担心。其中就包括<span word="MAS">MAS</span>的现任领导文西·珀拉（<span word="Vin">Vin</span> <span word="Cipolla">Cipolla</span>），他赞同市中心一定要发展，但也担心未受到保护的历史建筑遭到破坏。他的行事风格跟奥纳西斯夫人很类似。</p>
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