海外文化:你知道拍卖的四种形式吗?
<p> <span word="There">There</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="several">several</span> <span word="variations">variations</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="basic">basic</span> <span word="auction">auction</span> <span word="form">form</span>, <span word="including">including</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="limits">limits</span>, <span word="minimum">minimum</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="maximum">maximum</span> <span word="limits">limits</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="bid">bid</span> <span word="prices">prices</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="special">special</span> <span word="rules">rules</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="determining">determining</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="winning">winning</span> <span word="bidder">bidder</span>(<span word="s">s</span>) <span word="and">and</span> <span word="sale">sale</span> <span word="price">price</span>(<span word="s">s</span>). <span word="Participants">Participants</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="auction">auction</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="identities">identities</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="actions">actions</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="participants">participants</span>. <span word="Depending">Depending</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="auction">auction</span>, <span word="bidders">bidders</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="participate">participate</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="remotely">remotely</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="variety">variety</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="means">means</span>, <span word="including">including</span> <span word="telephone">telephone</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="internet">internet</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="seller">seller</span> <span word="usually">usually</span> <span word="pays">pays</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="commission">commission</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="auctioneer">auctioneer</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="auction">auction</span> <span word="company">company</span> <span word="based">based</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="percentage">percentage</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="final">final</span> <span word="sale">sale</span> <span word="price">price</span>. </p><p>拍卖在基本形式之上存在着某些不同，包括限时、最低或最高竞投价格、以及用于决定竞价胜出者和成交价格的特别规则。参与拍卖的人不一定知道其他参与者的身份或者行为。根据拍卖形式的不同，竞投者可能会亲自出席，或者运用各种远程手段——例如电话和因特网——参与拍卖会。卖家一般会根据最终成交价格的一定比例付给拍卖商或拍卖公司佣金。 </p><p><span word="Primary">Primary</span> <span word="types">types</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="auction">auction</span> 拍卖的主要种类 </p><p><span word="English">English</span> <span word="auction">auction</span> 英式拍卖 </p><p> <span word="English">English</span> <span word="auction">auction</span>, <span word="also">also</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="open">open</span> <span word="ascending">ascending</span> <span word="price">price</span> <span word="auction">auction</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="type">type</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="auction">auction</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="arguably">arguably</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="common">common</span> <span word="form">form</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="auction">auction</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="today">today</span>. <span word="Participants">Participants</span> <span word="bid">bid</span> <span word="openly">openly</span> <span word="against">against</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="another">another</span>, <span word="with">with</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="subsequent">subsequent</span> <span word="bid">bid</span> <span word="higher">higher</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="previous">previous</span> <span word="bid">bid</span>. <span word="An">An</span> <span word="auctioneer">auctioneer</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="announce">announce</span> <span word="prices">prices</span>, <span word="bidders">bidders</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="call">call</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="bids">bids</span> <span word="themselves">themselves</span> (<span word="or">or</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="proxy">proxy</span> <span word="call">call</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="bid">bid</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="behalf">behalf</span>), <span word="or">or</span> <span word="bids">bids</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="submitted">submitted</span> <span word="electronically">electronically</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="highest">highest</span> <span word="current">current</span> <span word="bid">bid</span> <span word="publicly">publicly</span> <span word="displayed">displayed</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="cases">cases</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="maximum">maximum</span> <span word="bid">bid</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="left">left</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="auctioneer">auctioneer</span>, <span word="who">who</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="bid">bid</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="behalf">behalf</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bidder">bidder</span> <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bidder">bidder</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="instructions">instructions</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="auction">auction</span> <span word="ends">ends</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="participant">participant</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="willing">willing</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="bid">bid</span> <span word="further">further</span>, <span word="at">at</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="point">point</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="highest">highest</span> <span word="bidder">bidder</span> <span word="pays">pays</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="bid">bid</span>. <span word="Alternatively">Alternatively</span>, <span word="if">if</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="seller">seller</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="set">set</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="minimum">minimum</span> <span word="sale">sale</span> <span word="price">price</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="advance">advance</span> (<span word="the">the</span> ’<span word="reserve">reserve</span>’ <span word="price">price</span>) <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="final">final</span> <span word="bid">bid</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="reach">reach</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="price">price</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="item">item</span> <span word="remains">remains</span> <span word="unsold">unsold</span>. <span word="Sometimes">Sometimes</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="auctioneer">auctioneer</span> <span word="sets">sets</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="minimum">minimum</span> <span word="amount">amount</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="bid">bid</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="exceed">exceed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="current">current</span> <span word="highest">highest</span> <span word="bid">bid</span>. </p>
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