海外文化:英美民俗-笔体学
<p>【英文原文】</p><p>摘要：笔体学旨在研究人的笔迹以提示人的性格。虽然大多数科学家称之为伪科学，笔体学在欧洲仍然流行。美国有些公司在雇佣员工时也要征求笔体学家的意见。</p><p><span word="Graphology">Graphology</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="person">person</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="handwriting">handwriting</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="reveal">reveal</span> <span word="something">something</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="personality">personality</span>. <span word="Although">Although</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="scientists">scientists</span> <span word="regard">regard</span> <span word="graphology">graphology</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="pseudoscience">pseudoscience</span>, <span word="its">its</span> <span word="practice">practice</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="widespread">widespread</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Europe">Europe</span>. <span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="business">business</span> <span word="firms">firms</span> <span word="consult">consult</span> <span word="graphologists">graphologists</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="advice">advice</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="hire">hire</span>.</p><p><span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="principles">principles</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="graphology">graphology</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="true">true</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="example">example</span>, <span word="handwriting">handwriting</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="show">show</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="sick">sick</span>, <span word="old">old</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="nervous">nervous</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="principles">principles</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="graphology">graphology</span> <span word="lack">lack</span> <span word="scientific">scientific</span> <span word="proof">proof</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="example">example</span>, <span word="graphologists">graphologists</span> <span word="claim">claim</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="lines">lines</span> <span word="slanting">slanting</span> <span word="upward">upward</span> <span word="indicate">indicate</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="spirits">spirits</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="lines">lines</span> <span word="slanting">slanting</span> <span word="downward">downward</span> <span word="show">show</span> <span word="low">low</span> <span word="spirits">spirits</span>. </p><p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="serious">serious</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="relationship">relationship</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="handwriting">handwriting</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="personality">personality</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="widespread">widespread</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Europe">Europe</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="places">places</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="last">last</span> 19<span word="th">th</span> <span word="century">century</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="French">French</span> <span word="psychologist">psychologist</span> <span word="Alfred">Alfred</span> <span word="Binet">Binet</span> <span word="tested">tested</span> <span word="seven">seven</span> <span word="graphologists">graphologists</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="asked">asked</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="distinguish">distinguish</span> <span word="writing">writing</span> <span word="samples">samples</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="average">average</span> <span word="man">man</span>. <span word="All">All</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="graphologists">graphologists</span> <span word="performed">performed</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="expected">expected</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="scored">scored</span> <span word="correctly">correctly</span> <span word="on">on</span> 92 <span word="per">per</span> <span word="cent">cent</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cases">cases</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="attempts">attempts</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="prove">prove</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="exact">exact</span> <span word="relationships">relationships</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="personality">personality</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="handwriting">handwriting</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="successful">successful</span>.</p><p><span word="Though">Though</span> <span word="graphology">graphology</span> <span word="probably">probably</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="limited">limited</span> <span word="value">value</span>, <span word="many">many</span> <span word="psychologists">psychologists</span> <span word="consider">consider</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="handwriting">handwriting</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="useful">useful</span> <span word="method">method</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="obtain">obtain</span> <span word="information">information</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="patient">patient</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="personality">personality</span> <span word="without">without</span> <span word="asking">asking</span> <span word="direct">direct</span> <span word="questions">questions</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="it">it</span>. <span word="Several">Several</span> <span word="universities">universities</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Europe">Europe</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="teach">teach</span> <span word="graphology">graphology</span> <span word="courses">courses</span> <span word="now">now</span>. </p>
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