关于维京人你所不知道的10件事
<p><span word="Think">Think</span> <span word="youve">youve</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Vikings">Vikings</span> <span word="pegged">pegged</span>? <span word="With">With</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="caricatures">caricatures</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="stereotypes">stereotypes</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="there">there</span>, <span word="theres">theres</span> <span word="probably">probably</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="youve">youve</span> <span word="never">never</span> <span word="heard">heard</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="seafaring">seafaring</span> <span word="Scandinavians">Scandinavians</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="raided">raided</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="settled">settled</span> <span word="coastal">coastal</span> <span word="sites">sites</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="British">British</span> <span word="Isles">Isles</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="beyond">beyond</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ninth">ninth</span> <span word="and">and</span> 11<span word="th">th</span> <span word="centuries">centuries</span>. <span word="Explore">Explore</span> 10 <span word="surprising">surprising</span> <span word="facts">facts</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Vikings">Vikings</span> <span word="below">below</span>.你是否意识到“维京人”在你的思维中已经被贴上了标签？在漫画和定式思维的影响下，关于这些在九世纪到十一世纪之间，侵略了大不列颠岛以及更远的一些邻海地域，并在当地定居的维京人，也许还有许多事实是你不知道的。下面，就让我们一起探索关于维京人的10个惊人事实吧！</p><p>1. <span word="Vikings">Vikings</span> <span word="didnt">didnt</span> <span word="wear">wear</span> <span word="horned">horned</span> <span word="helmets">helmets</span>.1. 维京人并没有戴角盔的习惯<span word="Forget">Forget</span> <span word="almost">almost</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="Viking">Viking</span> <span word="warrior">warrior</span> <span word="costume">costume</span> <span word="youve">youve</span> <span word="ever">ever</span> <span word="seen">seen</span>. <span word="Sure">Sure</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pugnacious">pugnacious</span> <span word="Norsemen">Norsemen</span> <span word="probably">probably</span> <span word="sported">sported</span> <span word="headgear">headgear</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="whole">whole</span> <span word="horn">horn</span>-<span word="festooned">festooned</span> <span word="helmet">helmet</span> <span word="look">look</span>? <span word="Depictions">Depictions</span> <span word="dating">dating</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Viking">Viking</span> <span word="age">age</span> <span word="dont">dont</span> <span word="show">show</span> <span word="it">it</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="authentic">authentic</span> <span word="Viking">Viking</span> <span word="helmet">helmet</span> <span word="ever">ever</span> <span word="discovered">discovered</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="decidedly">decidedly</span> <span word="horn">horn</span>-<span word="free">free</span>. <span word="Painters">Painters</span> <span word="seem">seem</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="fabricated">fabricated</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="trend">trend</span> <span word="during">during</span> <span word="the">the</span> 19<span word="th">th</span> <span word="century">century</span>, <span word="perhaps">perhaps</span> <span word="inspired">inspired</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="descriptions">descriptions</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="northern">northern</span> <span word="Europeans">Europeans</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="ancient">ancient</span> <span word="Greek">Greek</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Roman">Roman</span> <span word="chroniclers">chroniclers</span>. <span word="Long">Long</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Vikings">Vikings</span> <span word="time">time</span>, <span word="Norse">Norse</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Germanic">Germanic</span> <span word="priests">priests</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="indeed">indeed</span> <span word="wear">wear</span> <span word="horned">horned</span> <span word="helmets">helmets</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="ceremonial">ceremonial</span> <span word="purposes">purposes</span>.忘掉你看到的每一套维京战士服装吧！当然，好战的北欧人也许有戴帽子的习惯，但一定是绑有角的吗？维京人时期的壁画并没有描绘这样的角盔，而唯一所挖掘出来的真实头盔是没有角的。在古希腊人和罗马编年史对古代北欧人所做的描述的影响之下，画家们也许是对十九世纪的”潮流”进行了自由发挥。而远早于维京人时期的挪威和日耳曼牧师们，的确会在仪式上戴角盔。2. <span word="Vikings">Vikings</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="excellent">excellent</span> <span word="hygiene">hygiene</span>.2. 维京人对卫生的注重远近驰名<span word="Between">Between</span> <span word="rowing">rowing</span> <span word="boats">boats</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="decapitating">decapitating</span> <span word="enemies">enemies</span>, <span word="Viking">Viking</span> <span word="men">men</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="stunk">stunk</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="Valhalla">Valhalla</span>, <span word="right">right</span>? <span word="Quite">Quite</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="opposite">opposite</span>. <span word="Excavations">Excavations</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Viking">Viking</span> <span word="sites">sites</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="turned">turned</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="tweezers">tweezers</span>, <span word="razors">razors</span>, <span word="combs">combs</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="ear">ear</span> <span word="cleaners">cleaners</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="animal">animal</span> <span word="bones">bones</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="antlers">antlers</span>. <span word="Vikings">Vikings</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="bathed">bathed</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="least">least</span> <span word="once">once</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="week">week</span>—<span word="much">much</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="frequently">frequently</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="Europeans">Europeans</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="day">day</span>—<span word="and">and</span> <span word="enjoyed">enjoyed</span> <span word="dips">dips</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="natural">natural</span> <span word="hot">hot</span> <span word="springs">springs</span>.除了驾船和斩首敌人，维京男人们就只能在瓦尔哈拉宫（尘世阵亡的英雄的住所）里发出恶臭？恰恰相反，在对维京人居住地的挖掘过程中，考古学家们发现了由动物骨头和鹿角制作的镊子、刮胡刀、梳子，以及耳勺。维京人每周至少沐浴一次－－远比同一时期的其他欧洲人频繁得多－－并且懂得享受纯原生态的温泉。3. <span word="Vikings">Vikings</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="unique">unique</span> <span word="liquid">liquid</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="start">start</span> <span word="fires">fires</span>.3. 维京人用一种特殊的液体生火<span word="Clean">Clean</span> <span word="freaks">freaks</span> <span word="though">though</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="were">were</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Vikings">Vikings</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="qualms">qualms</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="harnessing">harnessing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="power">power</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="waste">waste</span> <span word="product">product</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="collect">collect</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="fungus">fungus</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="touchwood">touchwood</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="tree">tree</span> <span word="bark">bark</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="boil">boil</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="several">several</span> <span word="days">days</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="urine">urine</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="pounding">pounding</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="something">something</span> <span word="akin">akin</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="felt">felt</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="sodium">sodium</span> <span word="nitrate">nitrate</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="urine">urine</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="allow">allow</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="material">material</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="smolder">smolder</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="burn">burn</span>, <span word="so">so</span> <span word="Vikings">Vikings</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="fire">fire</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="go">go</span>.维京人虽然是”洁癖怪人”，但他们却能够很好的利用人类所产生的废物。维京人会从树皮上收集一种叫做火绒的真菌，并在尿液中将火绒沸煮几天，再将其捶打至与原来相似的物质。尿液中的硝酸盐会使物质慢慢燃烧而不是迅速的烧尽，所以维京人可以持续的使用这种物质生火。4. <span word="Vikings">Vikings</span> <span word="buried">buried</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="dead">dead</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="boats">boats</span>.4. 维京人将尸体葬于船中<span word="Theres">Theres</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="denying">denying</span> <span word="Vikings">Vikings</span> <span word="loved">loved</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="boats">boats</span>—<span word="so">so</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="honor">honor</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="interred">interred</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="one">one</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Norse">Norse</span> <span word="religion">religion</span>, <span word="valiant">valiant</span> <span word="warriors">warriors</span> <span word="entered">entered</span> <span word="festive">festive</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="glorious">glorious</span> <span word="realms">realms</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="death">death</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="thought">thought</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="vessels">vessels</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="served">served</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="reach">reach</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="final">final</span> <span word="destinations">destinations</span>. <span word="Distinguished">Distinguished</span> <span word="raiders">raiders</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="prominent">prominent</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="laid">laid</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="rest">rest</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="ships">ships</span>, <span word="surrounded">surrounded</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="weapons">weapons</span>, <span word="valuable">valuable</span> <span word="goods">goods</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="sometimes">sometimes</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="sacrificed">sacrificed</span> <span word="slaves">slaves</span>.无法否认，维京人极爱他们的船－－以至于他们认为被葬在船里是一个极大的荣耀。在北欧地区，勇敢的战士们有资格进入荣耀之地，而他们生前所使用的战船会送他们到最终的回归之地。优秀的战士和杰出的女性常常在武器、珍贵的货物，甚至是陪葬奴隶的围绕下，安息于船中。5. <span word="Vikings">Vikings</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="active">active</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="slave">slave</span> <span word="trade">trade</span>.5. 维京人在奴隶交易中非常活跃<span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="Vikings">Vikings</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="rich">rich</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="trafficking">trafficking</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="capture">capture</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="enslave">enslave</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="young">young</span> <span word="men">men</span> <span word="while">while</span> <span word="pillaging">pillaging</span> <span word="Anglo">Anglo</span>-<span word="Saxon">Saxon</span>, <span word="Celtic">Celtic</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Slavic">Slavic</span> <span word="settlements">settlements</span>. <span word="These">These</span> “<span word="thralls">thralls</span>,” <span word="as">as</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="known">known</span>, <span word="were">were</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="sold">sold</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="giant">giant</span> <span word="slave">slave</span> <span word="markets">markets</span> <span word="across">across</span> <span word="Europe">Europe</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Middle">Middle</span> <span word="East">East</span>.许多维京人通过贩卖人口致富。当他们入侵了盎格鲁－撒克逊人（生活在大不列颠东部、南部）、凯尔特人或者斯拉夫人的居住地之后，会抓住当地的女人和年轻男人作为奴隶。这些所谓的”奴隶”会被贩卖于跨越欧洲和中东的巨大奴隶交易市场之中。6. <span word="Viking">Viking</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="enjoyed">enjoyed</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="basic">basic</span> <span word="rights">rights</span>.6. 维京女人们享有一些基本权利<span word="Viking">Viking</span> <span word="girls">girls</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="hitched">hitched</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="young">young</span> <span word="as">as</span> 12 <span word="and">and</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="mind">mind</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="household">household</span> <span word="while">while</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="husbands">husbands</span> <span word="sailed">sailed</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="adventures">adventures</span>. <span word="Still">Still</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="freedom">freedom</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="era">era</span>. <span word="As">As</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="werent">werent</span> <span word="thralls">thralls</span>, <span word="Viking">Viking</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="inherit">inherit</span> <span word="property">property</span>, <span word="request">request</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="divorce">divorce</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="reclaim">reclaim</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="dowries">dowries</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="marriages">marriages</span> <span word="ended">ended</span>.维京女孩在12岁时就会”绑”住：嫁做人妇、在丈夫外出航行时看家。但她们相比同时代的女性有更多的自由。只要她们不是奴隶，维京女人就能够继承财富、主动提出离婚，并在婚约解除之时要求拿回她们的嫁妆。7. <span word="Viking">Viking</span> <span word="men">men</span> <span word="spent">spent</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="farming">farming</span>.7. 维京人生活中的大多数时间都在务农<span word="This">This</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="disappointment">disappointment</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="Viking">Viking</span> <span word="men">men</span> <span word="brandished">brandished</span> <span word="scythes">scythes</span>, <span word="not">not</span> <span word="swords">swords</span>. <span word="True">True</span>, <span word="some">some</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="callous">callous</span> <span word="pirates">pirates</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="stepped">stepped</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="boats">boats</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="burn">burn</span> <span word="villages">villages</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="vast">vast</span> <span word="majority">majority</span> <span word="peacefully">peacefully</span> <span word="sowed">sowed</span> <span word="barley">barley</span>, <span word="rye">rye</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="oats">oats</span>—<span word="at">at</span> <span word="least">least</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="year">year</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="raised">raised</span> <span word="cattle">cattle</span>, <span word="goats">goats</span>, <span word="pigs">pigs</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="sheep">sheep</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="farms">farms</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="typically">typically</span> <span word="yielded">yielded</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="food">food</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="support">support</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="family">family</span>.这也许是挺让人失望的一件事，维京男人们最经常使用的不是剑，而是镰刀。没错，有些维京人的确是冷酷无情的海盗，只会烧杀抢夺，但大多数人还是在种植大麦、黑麦和燕麦——至少一年中总会有一段时间都在这样做。他们也在自己的小农场中饲养牛、山羊、猪和绵羊，而这些常常只够他们恰好养活一家人。8. <span word="Vikings">Vikings</span> <span word="skied">skied</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="fun">fun</span>.8. 维京人以滑雪为乐<span word="Scandinavians">Scandinavians</span> <span word="developed">developed</span> <span word="primitive">primitive</span> <span word="skis">skis</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="least">least</span> 6,000 <span word="years">years</span> <span word="ago">ago</span>, <span word="though">though</span> <span word="ancient">ancient</span> <span word="Russians">Russians</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="invented">invented</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="earlier">earlier</span>. <span word="By">By</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Viking">Viking</span> <span word="Age">Age</span>, <span word="Norsemen">Norsemen</span> <span word="regarded">regarded</span> <span word="skiing">skiing</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="efficient">efficient</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="around">around</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="popular">popular</span> <span word="form">form</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="recreation">recreation</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="worshipped">worshipped</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="god">god</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="skiing">skiing</span>, <span word="Ullr">Ullr</span>.虽然古俄罗斯人比斯堪的纳维亚人更早发明滑雪橇，但早在6000年前，斯堪的纳维亚人（主要是指生活于古代北欧地区的人）已经发展出了极其精美的滑雪橇。直到维京时期，北欧人们都把滑雪视为一种有效的交通方式，同时也是一种受欢迎的娱乐方式。他们甚至崇拜滑雪之神－－乌勒尓。9. <span word="Viking">Viking</span> <span word="gentlemen">gentlemen</span> <span word="preferred">preferred</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="blond">blond</span>.9. 维京绅士们更偏好把头发弄成浅色<span word="To">To</span> <span word="conform">conform</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="cultures">cultures</span> <span word="beauty">beauty</span> <span word="ideals">ideals</span>, <span word="brunette">brunette</span> <span word="Vikings">Vikings</span>—<span word="usually">usually</span> <span word="men">men</span>—<span word="would">would</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="strong">strong</span> <span word="soap">soap</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="lye">lye</span> <span word="content">content</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="bleach">bleach</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="hair">hair</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="regions">regions</span>, <span word="beards">beards</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="lightened">lightened</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="well">well</span>. <span word="Its">Its</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="treatments">treatments</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="helped">helped</span> <span word="Vikings">Vikings</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="problem">problem</span> <span word="far">far</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="prickly">prickly</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="rampant">rampant</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="mousy">mousy</span> <span word="manes">manes</span>: <span word="head">head</span> <span word="lice">lice</span>.为符合他们的审美观，深棕色的维京人－－通常是男性－－会使用一种含有强碱性物质的肥皂漂白他们的头发。在某些地区，胡子也会被漂白。这种处理方式似乎能够解决维京人原本头发还是灰褐色时，无法控制且令他们无时无刻感到刺痛的难题：头虱。10. <span word="Vikings">Vikings</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="never">never</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="unified">unified</span> <span word="group">group</span>.10. 维京人并非是一个集体<span word="Vikings">Vikings</span> <span word="didnt">didnt</span> <span word="recognize">recognize</span> <span word="fellow">fellow</span> <span word="Vikings">Vikings</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="fact">fact</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="probably">probably</span> <span word="didnt">didnt</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="call">call</span> <span word="themselves">themselves</span> <span word="Vikings">Vikings</span>: <span word="The">The</span> <span word="term">term</span> <span word="simply">simply</span> <span word="referred">referred</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="Scandinavians">Scandinavians</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="took">took</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="overseas">overseas</span> <span word="expeditions">expeditions</span>. <span word="During">During</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Viking">Viking</span> <span word="Age">Age</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="land">land</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="makes">makes</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="Denmark">Denmark</span>, <span word="Norway">Norway</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Sweden">Sweden</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="patchwork">patchwork</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="chieftain">chieftain</span>-<span word="led">led</span> <span word="tribes">tribes</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="fought">fought</span> <span word="against">against</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="other">other</span>—<span word="when">when</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="werent">werent</span> <span word="busy">busy</span> <span word="wreaking">wreaking</span> <span word="havoc">havoc</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="foreign">foreign</span> <span word="shores">shores</span>, <span word="that">that</span> <span word="is">is</span>.维京人并不承认他们的同胞。事实上，也许他们根本不称呼他们自己为维京人－－特指所有参与海外征途的斯堪的纳维亚人。在维京人时期，现在丹麦、挪威和瑞典组成的地域是由各个酋长领导的部落组成，当他们不再忙于在外国海岸烧杀抢夺时，他们就会相互入侵。注：本文章转载自前十网，译者张秋月</p>
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