商务英语(BEC)中级考试历年真题(22)
<p><span word="Planning">Planning</span></p><p> <span word="In">In</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="planning">planning</span> <span word="system">system</span>, <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="simplest">simplest</span> <span word="budgeting">budgeting</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="complex">complex</span> <span word="corporate">corporate</span> <span word="planning">planning</span>, <span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="annual">annual</span> <span word="process">process</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="partly">partly</span> <span word="due">due</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fact">fact</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="firms">firms</span> (19).......<span word="their">their</span> <span word="accounting">accounting</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="yearly">yearly</span> (20)......., <span word="but">but</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="similar">similar</span> (21)....... <span word="often">often</span> <span word="occur">occur</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="market">market</span>.</p><p> <span word="Usually">Usually</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="larger">larger</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="firm">firm</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="longer">longer</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="planning">planning</span> <span word="takes">takes</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="typically">typically</span>, <span word="planning">planning</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="year">year</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="start">start</span> <span word="nine">nine</span> <span word="months">months</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="advance">advance</span>, <span word="with">with</span> <span word="various">various</span> <span word="stages">stages</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="evaluation">evaluation</span> <span word="leading">leading</span> <span word="to">to</span> (22)....... <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="complete">complete</span> <span word="plan">plan</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="months">months</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="start">start</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="year">year</span>.</p><p> <span word="Planning">Planning</span> continues, however, throughout the year, since managers (23) ....... progress against targets, while looking forward to the next year. What is happening now will (24)....... the objectives and plans for the future.</p><p> <span word="In">In</span> <span word="todays">todays</span> <span word="business">business</span> <span word="climate">climate</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="markets">markets</span> <span word="constantly">constantly</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="difficult">difficult</span> <span word="to">to</span> (25)....... , <span word="some">some</span> <span word="analysts">analysts</span> <span word="believe">believe</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="long">long</span>-<span word="term">term</span> <span word="planning">planning</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="pointless">pointless</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="markets">markets</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="right">right</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="companies">companies</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="build">build</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sort">sort</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="flexibility">flexibility</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="their">their</span> (26).......<span word="which">which</span> <span word="allows">allows</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="to">to</span> (27).......<span word="to">to</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="sudden">sudden</span> <span word="changes">changes</span>.</p><p> <span word="Most">Most</span> <span word="firms">firms</span>, <span word="however">however</span>, <span word="need">need</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="plan">plan</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="year">year</span> <span word="ahead">ahead</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="order">order</span> <span word="to">to</span> (28).......<span word="their">their</span> <span word="long">long</span>-<span word="term">term</span> <span word="goals">goals</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="reflect">reflect</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="takes">takes</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="commission">commission</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="build">build</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="production">production</span> <span word="plant">plant</span>, <span word="or">or</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="marketing">marketing</span> (29)....... , <span word="it">it</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="question">question</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="takes">takes</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="launch">launch</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="range">range</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="products">products</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="reach">reach</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="certain">certain</span> (30)....... <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="market">market</span>. <span word="If">If</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="example">example</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="five">five</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="particular">particular</span> <span word="airline">airline</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="the">the</span> (31)....... <span word="choice">choice</span> <span word="amongst">amongst</span> <span word="business">business</span> <span word="travellers">travellers</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="certain">certain</span> <span word="routes">routes</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="airline">airline</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="plan">plan</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="various">various</span> (32)....... <span word="involved">involved</span>.</p>
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