我们日常会做的十大怪事的科学解释(上)
<p><span word="Humans">Humans</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="weird">weird</span> <span word="stuff">stuff</span>. <span word="Sometimes">Sometimes</span>, <span word="we">we</span> <span word="dont">dont</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="realize">realize</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="behaviors">behaviors</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="strange">strange</span> <span word="until">until</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="really">really</span> <span word="stop">stop</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="look">look</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="ourselves">ourselves</span> <span word="objectively">objectively</span>. <span word="Then">Then</span>, <span word="its">its</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="natural">natural</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="wonder">wonder</span> <span word="why">why</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="weird">weird</span> <span word="stuff">stuff</span>. <span word="So">So</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="spirit">spirit</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="analyzing">analyzing</span> <span word="ourselves">ourselves</span>, <span word="here">here</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="odd">odd</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="day">day</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="leading">leading</span> <span word="explanations">explanations</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="why">why</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="them">them</span>.人类总是做一些奇怪的事情。有时候直到我们真的停下脚步，以客观的眼光看待自己时，才会发现我们的所作所为非常奇葩。之后，我们自然很想知道为什么当初自己会做这些奇怪的事情。本着自我分析的精神，以下罗列了一些我们日常做的怪事，并解释了我们做这些事情的原因。</p><p>10.<span word="Not">Not</span> <span word="Replacing">Replacing</span> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Toilet">Toilet</span> <span word="Paper">Paper</span> <span word="Roll">Roll</span>10.不换厕所的卷纸</p>如果以难易程度将事情排序，换厕纸这事儿一定可以滚到单子的最后一行了。然而，出于某种原因，虽然换厕纸是很简单的一件事，但我们大多数人都不会在用完厕纸之后很自然的换上新的。这是为什么呢？根据纽约大学两位心理学家的分析，我们对换厕纸马马虎虎并不是因为懒惰，而是因为换厕纸一点都不刺激，也几乎无法给我们带来任何内在奖励。（除了培养出肛门滞留人格）<span word="Similar">Similar</span> <span word="chores">chores</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="taking">taking</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="trash">trash</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="doing">doing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dishes">dishes</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="equally">equally</span> <span word="boring">boring</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="unmotivating">unmotivating</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="least">least</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="satisfaction">satisfaction</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="keeping">keeping</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="stink">stink</span>- <span word="and">and</span> <span word="rodent">rodent</span>-<span word="free">free</span>. <span word="Properly">Properly</span> <span word="loading">loading</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="toilet">toilet</span> <span word="paper">paper</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="look">look</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="better">better</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="what">what</span>?<span word="The">The</span> <span word="NYU">NYU</span> <span word="psychologists">psychologists</span>, <span word="Edward">Edward</span> <span word="L">L</span>. <span word="Deci">Deci</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Richard">Richard</span> <span word="M">M</span>. <span word="Ryan">Ryan</span>, <span word="say">say</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="humans">humans</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="truly">truly</span> <span word="motivated">motivated</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="anything">anything</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="task">task</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="meet">meet</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="psychological">psychological</span> <span word="needs">needs</span>: <span word="competence">competence</span>, <span word="autonomy">autonomy</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="relatedness">relatedness</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="chore">chore</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="challenging">challenging</span> <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="feel">feel</span> <span word="competent">competent</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="complete">complete</span> <span word="it">it</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="feel">feel</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="sort">sort</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="control">control</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="doing">doing</span>. <span word="And">And</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sense">sense</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="enhancing">enhancing</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="relationships">relationships</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="loved">loved</span> <span word="ones">ones</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="theory">theory</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="self">self</span>-<span word="determination">determination</span> <span word="theory">theory</span>. <span word="Replacing">Replacing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="TP">TP</span> <span word="falls">falls</span> <span word="far">far</span> <span word="short">short</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="criteria">criteria</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="fulfill">fulfill</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="relatedness">relatedness</span>—<span word="that">that</span> <span word="is">is</span>, <span word="if">if</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="live">live</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="together">together</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="pitch">pitch</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="chores">chores</span> <span word="type">type</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="household">household</span>.<span word="Thus">Thus</span>, <span word="getting">getting</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="spouse">spouse</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="roommate">roommate</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="properly">properly</span> <span word="replace">replace</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="toilet">toilet</span> <span word="paper">paper</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="mundane">mundane</span> <span word="task">task</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="probably">probably</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lost">lost</span> <span word="cause">cause</span>. <span word="Unless">Unless</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="psychologically">psychologically</span> <span word="convince">convince</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="doing">doing</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="takes">takes</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="certain">certain</span> <span word="level">level</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="proficiency">proficiency</span>, <span word="that">that</span> <span word="theyre">theyre</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="means">means</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="slave">slave</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="forever">forever</span> <span word="doing">doing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="chore">chore</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="connected">connected</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="others">others</span>. <span word="Now">Now</span> <span word="thats">thats</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="difficult">difficult</span> <span word="task">task</span>.类似的家务例如清理垃圾和洗碗都同样很无聊，让人没有动力去做。但是至少做这些家务可以给我们带来清除臭味和老鼠的满足感。适时更换厕纸也许会使事情看起来好一点点，但那又如何呢？纽约大学心理学家爱德华·戴瑟和理查德·瑞安表示，要有效地驱使人们去做某件事，那么这件事就必须满足三个心理需求：能力、自主性和关联性。家务应具有足够的挑战性才会使我们在完成它们时感受到自己的能力；它应使我们对自己的行为感受到某种控制力；它应赋予我们一种自己与所爱事物之间的联系正在增强的感觉。这就是所谓的自我决定论。更换厕纸这一行为远远无法满足这三个标准。关联性可能是唯一能够达到的标准，但前提是你生活在一个我们都是一家人，我们要干一家活的家庭氛围下。因此，要想让配偶或室友一直适时地更换厕纸或做其他无聊的家务注定是会失败的。除非你可以使他们从心理上相信，做这种家务需要具备一定的专业技能，以及长期做这种家务可以拉近彼此之间的距离而绝不是奴隶的行为。但至少现在这很难做到。</p>
页:
[1]