英语中介词的翻译方法
<p> 英语中大多数介词含义灵活，一词多义多用。除了一些常用短语已有译法外，大量介词需要从其基本意义出发，联系上下文加以灵活处理。下面简明地介绍几种基本译法。</p><p> （1）转译：英语中常用介词来表达动作意义。汉译时，可将介词转译成动词。</p><p> ①在作表语的介词短语中，介词常转译为动词，而连系动词则省略不译。如：<span word="This">This</span> <span word="machine">machine</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="repair">repair</span>．这台机器失修了。</p><p> ②在作目的或原因状语的介词短语中，介词有时转译成动词。如：</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="plane">plane</span> <span word="crushed">crushed</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="control">control</span>．这架飞机失去控制而坠毁。</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="letter">letter</span> <span word="E">E</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="commonly">commonly</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="electromotive">electromotive</span> <span word="force">force</span>．通常用<span word="E">E</span>这个字母表示电动势。</p><p> ③在作条件、方式或方法状语的介词短语中，介词有时转译成动词。如：</p><p> <span word="But">But</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="larger">larger</span> <span word="molecules">molecules</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="several">several</span> <span word="hundred">hundred</span> <span word="atoms">atoms</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="seen">seen</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="optical">optical</span> <span word="microscope">microscope</span>．但是，即使有几百个原子的分子也是太小了，用最好的光学显微镜也看不见它们。</p><p> ④介词短语作补足语时，其中介词常转译成动词。如：</p><p> <span word="Heat">Heat</span> <span word="sets">sets</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="particles">particles</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="random">random</span> <span word="motion">motion</span>．热量使这些粒子作随机运动。</p><p> （2）增译：增词不是无中生有，而是要根据上下文特别是与介词搭配的动词或形容词的含义加得恰当。有不少情况，句中与介词搭配的动词或形容词不出现，如照原文结构无法把意思表达清楚，甚至易于误解时，这就需要增词。</p>
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