雅思听力考试出题的三个原则及两个常用的场景
<p> 替换原则</p><p> 在<span word="IELTS">IELTS</span>听力考试中，替换是出题者经常使用的一个原则，而且每套试题中都必然多次出现。这种替换出现在题干中的关键词和关键词组不会在原文中直接出现，而是用同义或近义的表达替换出现。最常见的替换如：</p><p> 1.同意词替换如<span word="scientist">scientist</span> 和<span word="researcher">researcher</span> 之间的替换，<span word="disadvantage">disadvantage</span>和<span word="downside">downside</span>，<span word="drawback">drawback</span>之间的替换，<span word="sign">sign</span>替换<span word="indication">indication</span>。</p><p> 2.同义词组的替换如：<span word="miss">miss</span> <span word="particularly">particularly</span>替换 <span word="main">main</span> <span word="attraction">attraction</span>。</p><p> 3.主动与被动的替换：<span word="Coffee">Coffee</span> <span word="farming">farming</span> <span word="provides">provides</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="for">for</span> 30 <span word="million">million</span> <span word="people">people</span> 替换 30 <span word="million">million</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="earn">earn</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="living">living</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="growing">growing</span> <span word="coffee">coffee</span>.</p><p> 4.加减关系的替换：某题原文为<span word="Er">Er</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bottles">bottles</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="places">places</span> <span word="contain">contain</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="three">three</span>-<span word="quarters">quarters</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="glass">glass</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rest">rest</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="recycled">recycled</span>.</p><p> 该题题干为 <span word="Most">Most</span> <span word="bottle">bottle</span> <span word="makers">makers</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="about">about</span> __% <span word="recycled">recycled</span> <span word="glass">glass</span>.用总数1减去3/4得1/4，再转换成百分数即得答案，正确答案为25%</p><p> 考生在做题时如遇到某到题目题干原文关键词的替换出现，则应提高警惕，该题目的正确答案马上就会出现，切忌一味等待原文中会出现题目中的原文。</p><p> 根据这个原则，如果考生在等待某一道题目的相关信息时，下一道题目的替换已经出现，考生应注意自己可能已经漏掉了一道题目。</p>
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