雅思写作真题回忆(网友版)
<p> <span word="Why">Why</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="promising">promising</span> <span word="heart">heart</span> <span word="drug">drug</span> <span word="fail">fail</span>? <span word="Doomed">Doomed</span> <span word="drug">drug</span> <span word="highlights">highlights</span> <span word="complications">complications</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="meddling">meddling</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="cholesterol">cholesterol</span>. 1.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="failure">failure</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="high">high</span>-<span word="profile">profile</span> <span word="cholesterol">cholesterol</span> <span word="drug">drug</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="thrown">thrown</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="spotlight">spotlight</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="complicated">complicated</span> <span word="machinery">machinery</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="regulates">regulates</span> <span word="cholesterol">cholesterol</span> <span word="levels">levels</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="remain">remain</span> <span word="confident">confident</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="drugs">drugs</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="boost">boost</span> <span word="levels">levels</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="cholesterol">cholesterol</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="promising">promising</span> <span word="means">means</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="combat">combat</span> <span word="spiralling">spiralling</span> <span word="heart">heart</span> <span word="disease">disease</span>. 2.<span word="Drug">Drug</span> <span word="company">company</span> <span word="Pfizer">Pfizer</span> <span word="announced">announced</span> <span word="on">on</span> 2 <span word="December">December</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="cancelling">cancelling</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="clinical">clinical</span> <span word="trials">trials</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="torcetrapib">torcetrapib</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="drug">drug</span> <span word="designed">designed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="raise">raise</span> <span word="heart">heart</span>-<span word="protective">protective</span> <span word="high">high</span>-<span word="density">density</span> <span word="lipoproteins">lipoproteins</span> (<span word="HDLs">HDLs</span>). <span word="In">In</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="trial">trial</span> <span word="of">of</span> 15000 <span word="patients">patients</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="safety">safety</span> <span word="board">board</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="died">died</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="suffered">suffered</span> <span word="cardiovascular">cardiovascular</span> <span word="problems">problems</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="taking">taking</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="drug">drug</span> <span word="plus">plus</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="cholesterol">cholesterol</span>-<span word="lowering">lowering</span> <span word="statin">statin</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="control">control</span> <span word="group">group</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="took">took</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="statin">statin</span> <span word="alone">alone</span>. 3.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="news">news</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="kick">kick</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="teeth">teeth</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="cardiologists">cardiologists</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="earlier">earlier</span> <span word="tests">tests</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="animals">animals</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="suggested">suggested</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="lower">lower</span> <span word="rates">rates</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="cardiovascular">cardiovascular</span> <span word="disease">disease</span>. <span word="There">There</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="red">red</span> <span word="flags">flags</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="knowledge">knowledge</span>, <span word="says">says</span> <span word="John">John</span> <span word="Chapman">Chapman</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="specialist">specialist</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="lipoproteins">lipoproteins</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="atherosclerosis">atherosclerosis</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="National">National</span> <span word="Institute">Institute</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="Health">Health</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Medical">Medical</span> <span word="Research">Research</span> (<span word="INSERM">INSERM</span>) <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Paris">Paris</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="studied">studied</span> <span word="torcetrapib">torcetrapib</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="cancellation">cancellation</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="complete">complete</span> <span word="shock">shock</span>. 4.<span word="Torcetrapib">Torcetrapib</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="advanced">advanced</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="breed">breed</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="drugs">drugs</span> <span word="designed">designed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="raise">raise</span> <span word="levels">levels</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="HDLs">HDLs</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="ferry">ferry</span> <span word="cholesterol">cholesterol</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="artery">artery</span>-<span word="clogging">clogging</span> <span word="plaques">plaques</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="liver">liver</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="removal">removal</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="body">body</span>. <span word="Specifically">Specifically</span>, <span word="torcetrapib">torcetrapib</span> <span word="blocks">blocks</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="protein">protein</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="cholesterol">cholesterol</span> <span word="ester">ester</span> <span word="transfer">transfer</span> <span word="protein">protein</span> (<span word="CETP">CETP</span>), <span word="which">which</span> <span word="normally">normally</span> <span word="transfers">transfers</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cholesterol">cholesterol</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="high">high</span>-<span word="density">density</span> <span word="lipoproteins">lipoproteins</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="low">low</span> <span word="density">density</span>, <span word="plaque">plaque</span>-<span word="promoting">promoting</span> <span word="ones">ones</span>. <span word="Statins">Statins</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="contrast">contrast</span>, <span word="mainly">mainly</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="lowering">lowering</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bad">bad</span> <span word="low">low</span>-<span word="density">density</span> <span word="lipoproteins">lipoproteins</span>. <span word="Under">Under</span> <span word="pressure">pressure</span> 5.<span word="Researchers">Researchers</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="trying">trying</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="why">why</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="drug">drug</span> <span word="backfired">backfired</span>, <span word="something">something</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="clear">clear</span> <span word="until">until</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="clinical">clinical</span> <span word="details">details</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="released">released</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="Pfizer">Pfizer</span>. <span word="One">One</span> <span word="hint">hint</span> <span word="lies">lies</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="evidence">evidence</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="earlier">earlier</span> <span word="trials">trials</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="slightly">slightly</span> <span word="raises">raises</span> <span word="blood">blood</span> <span word="pressure">pressure</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="patients">patients</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="thought">thought</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="mild">mild</span> <span word="problem">problem</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="offset">offset</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="heart">heart</span> <span word="benefits">benefits</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="drug">drug</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="possible">possible</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="actually">actually</span> <span word="proved">proved</span> <span word="fatal">fatal</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="patients">patients</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="already">already</span> <span word="suffered">suffered</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="blood">blood</span> <span word="pressure">pressure</span>. <span word="If">If</span> <span word="blood">blood</span> <span word="pressure">pressure</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="explanation">explanation</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="actually">actually</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="news">news</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="drug">drug</span> <span word="developers">developers</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="suggests">suggests</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="problems">problems</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="specific">specific</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="compound">compound</span>. <span word="Other">Other</span> <span word="prototype">prototype</span> <span word="drugs">drugs</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="developed">developed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="block">block</span> <span word="CETP">CETP</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="slightly">slightly</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="suffer">suffer</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="downfall">downfall</span>. 6.<span word="But">But</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="possible">possible</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="whole">whole</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="blocking">blocking</span> <span word="CETP">CETP</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="flawed">flawed</span>, <span word="says">says</span> <span word="Moti">Moti</span> <span word="Kashyap">Kashyap</span>, <span word="who">who</span> <span word="directs">directs</span> <span word="atherosclerosis">atherosclerosis</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="VA">VA</span> <span word="Medical">Medical</span> <span word="Center">Center</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Long">Long</span> <span word="Beach">Beach</span>, <span word="California">California</span>. <span word="When">When</span> <span word="HDLs">HDLs</span> <span word="excrete">excrete</span> <span word="cholesterol">cholesterol</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="liver">liver</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="actually">actually</span> <span word="rely">rely</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="LDLs">LDLs</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="process">process</span>. <span word="So">So</span> <span word="inhibiting">inhibiting</span> <span word="CETP">CETP</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="prevents">prevents</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="transfer">transfer</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="cholesterol">cholesterol</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="HDL">HDL</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="LDL">LDL</span>, <span word="might">might</span> <span word="actually">actually</span> <span word="cause">cause</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="abnormal">abnormal</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="irreversible">irreversible</span> <span word="accumulation">accumulation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="cholesterol">cholesterol</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="body">body</span>. <span word="Youre">Youre</span> <span word="blocking">blocking</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="physiologic">physiologic</span> <span word="mechanism">mechanism</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="eliminate">eliminate</span> <span word="cholesterol">cholesterol</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="effectively">effectively</span> <span word="constipating">constipating</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pathway">pathway</span>, <span word="says">says</span> <span word="Kashyap">Kashyap</span>. <span word="Going">Going</span> <span word="up">up</span> 7.<span word="Most">Most</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="remain">remain</span> <span word="confident">confident</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="elevating">elevating</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="density">density</span> <span word="lipoproteins">lipoproteins</span> <span word="levels">levels</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="means">means</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="another">another</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="routes">routes</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="helping">helping</span> <span word="heart">heart</span> <span word="disease">disease</span> <span word="patients">patients</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="HDLs">HDLs</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="complex">complex</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="entirely">entirely</span> <span word="understood">understood</span>. <span word="One">One</span> <span word="approved">approved</span> <span word="drug">drug</span>, <span word="called">called</span> <span word="niacin">niacin</span>, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="raise">raise</span> <span word="HDL">HDL</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="reduce">reduce</span> <span word="cardiovascular">cardiovascular</span> <span word="risk">risk</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="causes">causes</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="unpleasant">unpleasant</span> <span word="sensation">sensation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="heat">heat</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="tingling">tingling</span>. <span word="Researchers">Researchers</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="exploring">exploring</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="bypass">bypass</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="side">side</span> <span word="effect">effect</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="niacin">niacin</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="lower">lower</span> <span word="disease">disease</span> <span word="risk">risk</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="statins">statins</span> <span word="alone">alone</span>. <span word="Scientists">Scientists</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="working">working</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="several">several</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="means">means</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="bump">bump</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="high">high</span>-<span word="density">density</span> <span word="lipoproteins">lipoproteins</span> <span word="by">by</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="example">example</span>, <span word="introducing">introducing</span> <span word="synthetic">synthetic</span> <span word="HDLs">HDLs</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="thing">thing</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="dead">dead</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="water">water</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="torcetrapib">torcetrapib</span>, <span word="not">not</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="whole">whole</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="raising">raising</span> <span word="HDL">HDL</span>, <span word="says">says</span> <span word="Michael">Michael</span> <span word="Miller">Miller</span>, <span word="director">director</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="preventive">preventive</span> <span word="cardiology">cardiology</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Maryland">Maryland</span> <span word="Medical">Medical</span> <span word="Center">Center</span>, <span word="Baltimore">Baltimore</span>.</p>
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