英语口译翻译原则：名词词组与分句互译原则
<p> 汉语中的两大成分地位较低，分别是宾语和定语。在英译汉中，较长的宾语从句常常会转化为名词词组，比如在第一个例句中的<span word="how">how</span>如果翻译为 如何化去税款这个宾语从句，在汉语中就显得不伦不类，所有一些5<span word="W">W</span>1<span word="H">H</span>的疑问词基本上都有可能转化为名词，如<span word="when">when</span>（时间），<span word="where">where</span>（地点），<span word="who">who</span>（人选），<span word="why">why</span>（原因）。此外，对于修饰语较多的名词性短语，汉语也不喜欢用定语进行堆砌，而偏向用简单的主谓短语，如第二个例子中把 <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="skeptical">skeptical</span> <span word="Gates">Gates</span>翻译成一个持怀疑态度的盖茨，就不如变成主谓短语盖茨对此持怀疑态度。</p><p> <span word="They">They</span> <span word="provide">provide</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="means">means</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="wealthy">wealthy</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="corporations">corporations</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="effect">effect</span> <span word="decide">decide</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="tax">tax</span> <span word="payments">payments</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="spent">spent</span>.</p><p> 基金会提供了一种方式，可以让有钱人和大公司能实际支配花去税款的方式。</p><p> <span word="But">But</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="skeptical">skeptical</span> <span word="Gates">Gates</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="millennium">millennium</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="someone">someone</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="evinces">evinces</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="passion">passion</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="giving">giving</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="government">government</span> <span word="aid">aid</span>.</p><p> 但新千年盖茨对此持怀疑态度，热衷于施舍和政府援助。</p><p> <span word="Now">Now</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="debate">debate</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="shifted">shifted</span> <span word="away">away</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ethics">ethics</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="baby">baby</span>-<span word="making">making</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="toward">toward</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="morality">morality</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="cloning">cloning</span> <span word="embryos">embryos</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="cells">cells</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="tissues">tissues</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="treat">treat</span> <span word="diseases">diseases</span>.</p><p> 现在，争论已经从制造婴儿是否违背伦理，转到为提取用于治疗疾病的细胞和组织而克隆胚胎是否违背道德。</p>
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