2007年雅思阅读模拟试题
<p> ★<span word="The">The</span> <span word="Triumph">Triumph</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Unreason">Unreason</span></p><p> <span word="A">A</span>.<span word="Neoclassical">Neoclassical</span> <span word="economics">economics</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="built">built</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="assumption">assumption</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="humans">humans</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="rational">rational</span> <span word="beings">beings</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="clear">clear</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="interests">interests</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="strive">strive</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="extract">extract</span> <span word="maximum">maximum</span> <span word="benefit">benefit</span> (<span word="or">or</span> <span word="utility">utility</span>， <span word="in">in</span> <span word="economist">economist</span>-<span word="speak">speak</span>) <span word="from">from</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="situation">situation</span>.<span word="Neoclassical">Neoclassical</span> <span word="economics">economics</span> <span word="assumes">assumes</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="process">process</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="decision">decision</span>-<span word="making">making</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="rational">rational</span>.<span word="But">But</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="contradicts">contradicts</span> <span word="growing">growing</span> <span word="evidence">evidence</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="decision">decision</span>-<span word="making">making</span> <span word="draws">draws</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="emotionseven">emotionseven</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="reason">reason</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="clearly">clearly</span> <span word="involved">involved</span>.</p><p> <span word="B">B</span>.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="role">role</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="emotions">emotions</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="decisions">decisions</span> <span word="makes">makes</span> <span word="perfect">perfect</span> <span word="sense">sense</span>.<span word="For">For</span> <span word="situations">situations</span> <span word="met">met</span> <span word="frequently">frequently</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="past">past</span>， <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="obtaining">obtaining</span> <span word="food">food</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="mates">mates</span>， <span word="and">and</span> <span word="confronting">confronting</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="fleeing">fleeing</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="threats">threats</span>， <span word="the">the</span> <span word="neural">neural</span> <span word="mechanisms">mechanisms</span> <span word="required">required</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="weigh">weigh</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pros">pros</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="cons">cons</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="honed">honed</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="evolution">evolution</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="produce">produce</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="optimal">optimal</span> <span word="outcome">outcome</span>.<span word="Since">Since</span> <span word="emotion">emotion</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mechanism">mechanism</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="animals">animals</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="prodded">prodded</span> <span word="towards">towards</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="outcomes">outcomes</span>， <span word="evolutionary">evolutionary</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="theory">theory</span> <span word="predict">predict</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="practical">practical</span> <span word="consequences">consequences</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="utility">utility</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="cases">cases</span>.<span word="But">But</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="apply">apply</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ancestral">ancestral</span> <span word="machinery">machinery</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="respond">respond</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="stimuli">stimuli</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="urban">urban</span> <span word="modernity">modernity</span>?</p><p> <span word="C">C</span>.<span word="One">One</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="thinks">thinks</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="George">George</span> <span word="Loewenstein">Loewenstein</span>， <span word="an">an</span> <span word="economist">economist</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="Carnegie">Carnegie</span> <span word="Mellon">Mellon</span> <span word="University">University</span>， <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</span>.<span word="In">In</span> <span word="particular">particular</span>， <span word="he">he</span> <span word="suspects">suspects</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="modern">modern</span> <span word="shopping">shopping</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="subverted">subverted</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="decision">decision</span>-<span word="making">making</span> <span word="machinery">machinery</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="encourages">encourages</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="run">run</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="debt">debt</span>.<span word="To">To</span> <span word="prove">prove</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="point">point</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="teamed">teamed</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="psychologists">psychologists</span>， <span word="Brian">Brian</span> <span word="Knutson">Knutson</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Stanford">Stanford</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Drazen">Drazen</span> <span word="Prelec">Prelec</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</span> <span word="Institute">Institute</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Technology">Technology</span>， <span word="to">to</span> <span word="look">look</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="happens">happens</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="deciding">deciding</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="buy">buy</span>.</p>
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