2013年职称英语考试综合类B级-补全短文(2)
<p> <span word="Washoe">Washoe</span> <span word="Learned">Learned</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="Sign">Sign</span> <span word="Language">Language</span></p><p> 1 <span word="An">An</span> <span word="animal">animal</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="influenced">influenced</span> <span word="scientific">scientific</span> <span word="thought">thought</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="died">died</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="chimpanzee">chimpanzee</span> <span word="named">named</span> <span word="Washoe">Washoe</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="born">born</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Africa">Africa</span> <span word="died">died</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="natural">natural</span> <span word="causes">causes</span> <span word="late">late</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="month">month</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="age">age</span> <span word="of">of</span> 42 <span word="at">at</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="center">center</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="state">state</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Washington">Washington</span>. <span word="Wash">Wash</span>0<span word="e">e</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="scientific">scientific</span> <span word="community">community</span>1 <span word="and">and</span> <span word="around">around</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="ability">ability</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="Sign">Sign</span> <span word="Language">Language</span>2. <span word="She">She</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="non">non</span>-<span word="human">human</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="language">language</span>. <span word="Her">Her</span> <span word="skills">skills</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="led">led</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="debate">debate</span>3 <span word="about">about</span> <span word="primates">primates</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="ability">ability</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="understand">understand</span> <span word="language">language</span>.</p><p> 2 <span word="Research">Research</span> <span word="scientists">scientists</span> <span word="Allen">Allen</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Beatrix">Beatrix</span> <span word="Gardner">Gardner</span> <span word="began">began</span> <span word="teaching">teaching</span> <span word="Washoe">Washoe</span> <span word="sign">sign</span> <span word="language">language</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1966. <span word="In">In</span> 1969, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Gardners">Gardners</span>7 <span word="described">described</span> <span word="Washoes">Washoes</span> <span word="progress">progress</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="scientific">scientific</span> <span word="report">report</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="experimented">experimented</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="Washoe">Washoe</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="grew">grew</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="understand">understand</span>4 <span word="about">about</span> 250 <span word="words">words</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="example">example</span>, <span word="Washoe">Washoe</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="signs">signs</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="communicate">communicate</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="eat">eat</span>. <span word="She">She</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="request">request</span> <span word="foods">foods</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="apples">apples</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="bananas">bananas</span>. <span word="She">She</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="asked">asked</span> <span word="questions">questions</span> <span word="like">like</span>, <span word="Who">Who</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="coming">coming</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="play">play</span>? <span word="Once">Once</span>5 <span word="the">the</span> <span word="news">news</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="Washoe">Washoe</span> <span word="spread">spread</span>, <span word="many">many</span> <span word="language">language</span> <span word="scientists">scientists</span> <span word="began">began</span> <span word="studies">studies</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="own">own</span>6 <span word="into">into</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="exciting">exciting</span> <span word="area">area</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="research">research</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="whole">whole</span> <span word="direction">direction</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="primate">primate</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="changed">changed</span>.</p><p> 3 <span word="However">However</span>, <span word="critics">critics</span> <span word="argued">argued</span> <span word="Washoe">Washoe</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="learned">learned</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="repeat">repeat</span> <span word="sign">sign</span> <span word="language">language</span> <span word="movements">movements</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="watching">watching</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="teachers">teachers</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="never">never</span> <span word="developed">developed</span> <span word="true">true</span> <span word="language">language</span> <span word="skills">skills</span>. <span word="Even">Even</span> <span word="now">now</span>, <span word="there">there</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="suggest">suggest</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="primates">primates</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="sign">sign</span> <span word="language">language</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="memory">memory</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="perform">perform</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="signs">signs</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="prizes">prizes</span>. <span word="Yet">Yet</span> <span word="Washoes">Washoes</span> <span word="keepers">keepers</span> <span word="disagree">disagree</span>. <span word="Roger">Roger</span> <span word="Fouts">Fouts</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="former">former</span> <span word="student">student</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Gardners">Gardners</span>7. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="took">took</span> <span word="Washoe">Washoe</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="center">center</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Ellensburg">Ellensburg</span>, <span word="Washington">Washington</span>. <span word="There">There</span>, <span word="Washoe">Washoe</span> <span word="taught">taught</span> <span word="sign">sign</span> <span word="language">language</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="younger">younger</span> <span word="chimpanzees">chimpanzees</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="alive">alive</span>.</p>
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