2012年职称英语卫生类C级真题——阅读理解
<p> 第四部分：阅读理解（第31~45题，每题3分，共45分）</p><p> 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项</p><p> 第一篇</p><p> <span word="Genetic">Genetic</span> <span word="Engineering">Engineering</span></p><p> <span word="Genetic">Genetic</span> <span word="engineering">engineering</span> <span word="began">began</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="DNA">DNA</span> <span word="molecule">molecule</span>(分子), <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="basic">basic</span> <span word="unit">unit</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="life">life</span>, <span word="was">was</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="described">described</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1953 <span word="by">by</span> <span word="James">James</span> <span word="Watson">Watson</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Francis">Francis</span> <span word="Crick">Crick</span>. <span word="An">An</span> <span word="understanding">understanding</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="DNA">DNA</span> <span word="led">led</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="altering">altering</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="normal">normal</span> <span word="cell">cell</span> <span word="reproduction">reproduction</span>. <span word="Experiments">Experiments</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="altering">altering</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="cells">cells</span> <span word="began">began</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1970. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="experiments">experiments</span>, <span word="patients">patients</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="injected">injected</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="virus">virus</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="produce">produce</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="life">life</span>-<span word="saving">saving</span> <span word="enzyme">enzyme</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="bodies">bodies</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="accept">accept</span> <span word="it">it</span>. <span word="In">In</span> 1980 <span word="patients">patients</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="rare">rare</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="fatal">fatal</span> <span word="blood">blood</span> <span word="disease">disease</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="injected">injected</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="purified">purified</span> <span word="gene">gene</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="cloned">cloned</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="DNA">DNA</span> <span word="technology">technology</span>. <span word="Another">Another</span> <span word="failure">failure</span>.</p><p> <span word="Genetic">Genetic</span> <span word="engineering">engineering</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="legal">legal</span> <span word="boost">boost</span>(激励) <span word="in">in</span> 1980. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="U">U</span>.<span word="S">S</span>. <span word="Supreme">Supreme</span> <span word="Court">Court</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="patent">patent</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="granted">granted</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="genetically">genetically</span> <span word="engineered">engineered</span> <span word="oil">oil</span>-<span word="eating">eating</span> <span word="bacterium">bacterium</span>(细菌). <span word="This">This</span> <span word="bacterium">bacterium</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="clean">clean</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="oil">oil</span> <span word="spills">spills</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="ruling">ruling</span> <span word="encouraged">encouraged</span> <span word="companies">companies</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="invent">invent</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="forms">forms</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="medical">medical</span> <span word="products">products</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="quickly">quickly</span> <span word="developed">developed</span>.</p><p> <span word="l">l</span> <span word="Human">Human</span> <span word="interferon">interferon</span>(干扰素)-- <span word="a">a</span> <span word="possible">possible</span> <span word="solution">solution</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="cancers">cancers</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="viral">viral</span> <span word="disease">disease</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="newly">newly</span> <span word="engineered">engineered</span> <span word="bacterium">bacterium</span> <span word="produced">produced</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="interferon">interferon</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="by">by</span>-<span word="product">product</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="product">product</span> <span word="reduced">reduced</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cost">cost</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="interferon">interferon</span>.</p><p> <span word="l">l</span> <span word="Human">Human</span> <span word="growth">growth</span> <span word="hormone">hormone</span>-- <span word="for">for</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="whose">whose</span> <span word="bodies">bodies</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="grow">grow</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="normal">normal</span> <span word="height">height</span>. <span word="An">An</span> <span word="expensive">expensive</span> <span word="growth">growth</span> <span word="hormone">hormone</span>(荷尔蒙) <span word="was">was</span> <span word="previously">previously</span> <span word="produced">produced</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="cadavers">cadavers</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="changing">changing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="genetic">genetic</span> <span word="make">make</span>-<span word="up">up</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="single">single</span>-<span word="cell">cell</span> <span word="bacterium">bacterium</span> <span word="E">E</span>. <span word="coli">coli</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="affordable">affordable</span> <span word="growth">growth</span> <span word="hormone">hormone</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="produced">produced</span>.</p>
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