职称英语2015年考试综合类语法辅导(4)
<p> 四、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题：</p><p> 1.谓语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即：主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式：如：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="computer">computer</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="invention">invention</span>.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="water">water</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="glass">glass</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="cold">cold</span>.</p><p> 2.集体名词做句子主语时,</p><p> ① 如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如：<span word="Class">Class</span> <span word="Three">Three</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="class">class</span>.</p><p> ② 如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如：<span word="Class">Class</span> <span word="Three">Three</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="map">map</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="China">China</span>.</p><p> 3.<span word="Chinese">Chinese</span>, <span word="Japanese">Japanese</span>, <span word="fish">fish</span>, <span word="sheep">sheep</span>, <span word="people">people</span>等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。如：<span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sheep">sheep</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="yard">yard</span>. / <span word="There">There</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="sheep">sheep</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="yard">yard</span>.</p><p> 4.<span word="maths">maths</span>, <span word="news">news</span>等虽然有<span word="s">s</span>结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="news">news</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="exciting">exciting</span>.</p><p> 5.<span word="glasses">glasses</span>, <span word="shoes">shoes</span>, <span word="socks">socks</span>, <span word="trousers">trousers</span>, <span word="gloves">gloves</span>等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。如：</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="trousers">trousers</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="cheap">cheap</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="them">them</span>.</p><p> 6.<span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="of">of</span> 后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。如：<span word="A">A</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="playing">playing</span> <span word="baseball">baseball</span> <span word="now">now</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="wasted">wasted</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="work">work</span>.</p><p> 7.<span word="and">and</span> 连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数,但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时,谓语则用单数。如：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="son">son</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="picking">picking</span> <span word="apples">apples</span> <span word="now">now</span>. / <span word="Fish">Fish</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="chips">chips</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="famous">famous</span> <span word="food">food</span>.</p>
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