2015年职称英语综合类考试语法词汇辅导(1)
<p> 动词、五个基本句型、动词的时态和语态</p><p> 动词</p><p> 从一定意义上讲，英语语法就是动词的语法，因此，掌握动词的特性、变化、句型是学习英语语法的重中之重。为了能更好地理解下面的讲课内容，首先要搞清动词的几个基本概念。</p><p> 1) <span word="be">be</span> 动词和<span word="do">do</span>动词：<span word="be">be</span>动词也称状态动词，用于说明状态或性质，主要用于构成英语的主系表句型;<span word="do">do</span>动词也称为行为动词，分及物动词和不及物动词;</p><p> 2) 及物动词和不及物动词：不及物动词后面不跟宾语, 也没有被动语态; 及物动词后面一定要有宾语;</p><p> 3) 双宾语结构和复合宾语结构：比较下面两个句子：</p><p> <span word="My">My</span> <span word="mother">mother</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="cake">cake</span>.</p><p> <span word="My">My</span> <span word="father">father</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="doctor">doctor</span>.</p><p> 第一句是双宾语结构，即 <span word="My">My</span> <span word="mother">mother</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="cake">cake</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="me">me</span>.</p><p> 第二句是复合宾语结构，其句法功能为：<span word="My">My</span> <span word="father">father</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="doctor">doctor</span> . 说明复合宾语结构中，宾语和宾语补足语之间有主谓关系.</p><p> 4) 情态动词：<span word="must">must</span>, <span word="should">should</span>, <span word="ought">ought</span> <span word="to">to</span>, <span word="can">can</span>, <span word="may">may</span>, <span word="need">need</span>, <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> 等动词称为情态动词，有三大特征：<span word="A">A</span>. 不受主语人称和数的影响，如：<span word="He">He</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="now">now</span>. / <span word="May">May</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="now">now</span>? 句中<span word="may">may</span>的形式不变;<span word="B">B</span>. 否定时在后面加<span word="not">not</span>, 如：<span word="You">You</span> <span word="ought">ought</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="cheated">cheated</span> <span word="her">her</span>. <span word="C">C</span>. 与另一动词连用，中间不用 +<span word="to">to</span> , 如上举例。</p>
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