2015年职称英语理工类考试语法精讲(5)
<p> 三、分词</p><p> 1. 分词作定语</p><p> 1) 分词作定语既可以放在所修饰的词之前,作前置定语,也可以放在所修饰的词后面,作后置定语.其作用相当于一个定语从句.例如:</p><p> <span word="Where">Where</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="reserved">reserved</span> <span word="seats">seats</span>?</p><p> 预定的座位在哪里?</p><p> <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="pressing">pressing</span> <span word="problem">problem</span>.</p><p> 这是一个紧迫的问题.</p><p> 2) 分词作后置定语可分为限制性和非限制性两种,其作用分别相当于一个限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句.例如:</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="funds">funds</span> <span word="raised">raised</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="mainly">mainly</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="helping">helping</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="homeless">homeless</span>.</p><p> 筹集的资金主要用来帮助那些无家可归的人.</p><p> <span word="There">There</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="waiting">waiting</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="examined">examined</span>.</p><p> 有许多学生在等待检查.</p><p> <span word="This">This</span> <span word="book">book</span>, <span word="written">written</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="simple">simple</span> <span word="English">English</span>, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="suitable">suitable</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="beginners">beginners</span>.</p><p> 本书是用浅显的英语写的,适合初学者.</p><p> 3) 分词常和形容词、副词或名词构成合成形容词作定语.例如:</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="flower">flower</span>-<span word="carrying">carrying</span> <span word="girl">girl</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="waiting">waiting</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="someone">someone</span>.</p><p> 那位手持鲜花的姑娘一定在等人.</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="newly">newly</span>-<span word="built">built</span> <span word="building">building</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="office">office</span> <span word="building">building</span>.</p><p> 这座新建的大楼是我们的办公楼.</p><p> 4) 有些不及物动词的过去分词作定语,并不表示被动的意思而是表示完成.这类过去分词常作前置修饰语.例如:</p>
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