2015年职称英语考试基础语法综合复习(3)
<p> [辨析]</p><p> <span word="because">because</span>、<span word="as">as</span>、<span word="since">since</span>、<span word="for">for</span>的用法：<span word="because">because</span>表示原因的语气最强,常表示必然的因果关系,从句一般放在主句后面;另外,回答 <span word="why">why</span>的问句只能用<span word="because">because</span>. <span word="as">as</span>表示一般的因果关系,语气比<span word="because">because</span>弱,说明比较明显的原因,它引导的从句可以放在句首也可以放在句尾。<span word="since">since</span>表示对方已经知道、无需加以说明的原因或事实。<span word="for">for</span>是并列连词,语气较弱,用来补充说明理由或提供一种解释。如：<span word="He">He</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="today">today</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="seriously">seriously</span> <span word="ill">ill</span>./ <span word="As">As</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="here">here</span>, <span word="now">now</span>, <span word="lets">lets</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="zoo">zoo</span>./ <span word="I">I</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="ask">ask</span> <span word="Lin">Lin</span> <span word="Tao">Tao</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="since">since</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="busy">busy</span>./ <span word="We">We</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="match">match</span> <span word="starts">starts</span> <span word="at">at</span> 7：00.</p><p> <span word="if">if</span>、 <span word="whether">whether</span>的区别：表示是否时,<span word="if">if</span>和<span word="whether">whether</span>同义,引导宾语从句,另外,<span word="whether">whether</span>还可以引导主语从句、表语从句 等名词性从句或者让步状语从句;而<span word="if">if</span>还可以表示如果,引导条件状语从句, 。如：<span word="I">I</span> <span word="dont">dont</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="if">if</span>/<span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="arrive">arrive</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="time">time</span>./ <span word="I">I</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="ring">ring</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="arrives">arrives</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="time">time</span>.</p><p> [注意]下列情况只能用<span word="whether">whether</span>不能用<span word="if">if</span>：①引导主语从句,②引导表语从句,③引导从句作介词宾语,④引导不定式短语,⑤引导让步状语从句,⑥在动词<span word="discuss">discuss</span>之后,⑦在<span word="wonder">wonder</span> / <span word="not">not</span> <span word="sure">sure</span>之后,⑧在<span word="if">if</span>与<span word="whether">whether</span>含义易混时。如：<span word="Whether">Whether</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="fine">fine</span> <span word="day">day</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="Sunday">Sunday</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="question">question</span>. / <span word="Please">Please</span> <span word="ask">ask</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="raincoat">raincoat</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="not">not</span>. / <span word="Hainan">Hainan</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="place">place</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span>, <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="summer">summer</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="winter">winter</span>./ <span word="Please">Please</span> <span word="let">let</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="help">help</span>.</p>
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