2015年职称英语考试基础语法综合复习(6)
<p> 十、简单句</p><p> 1.简单句的特点：简单句通常只由一个主语和一个谓语构成。</p><p> 2.简单句的种类：简单句一般分为陈述句、疑问句、感叹句和祈使句四种。</p><p> 3.陈述句：</p><p> 用来说明一个事实的句子叫陈述句。它有肯定式和否定式两种形式。</p><p> 陈述句的肯定式： <span word="He">He</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="middle">middle</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="student">student</span>./ <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="hammer">hammer</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="hand">hand</span>./ <span word="She">She</span> <span word="teaches">teaches</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="geography">geography</span>./ <span word="The">The</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="play">play</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="everybody">everybody</span> <span word="enjoyed">enjoyed</span> <span word="it">it</span>.</p><p> 陈述句的否定式：</p><p> 1) 谓语动词如果是 <span word="be">be</span> 、助动词、情态动词时,在它们的后面加<span word="not">not</span>。如：<span word="My">My</span> <span word="brother">brother</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span>./ <span word="He">He</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="cousin">cousin</span>./ <span word="I">I</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span>./ <span word="My">My</span> <span word="mother">mother</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="cooking">cooking</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="meal">meal</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="kitchen">kitchen</span>./ <span word="You">You</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="mistakes">mistakes</span> <span word="again">again</span>. / <span word="We">We</span> <span word="havent">havent</span> <span word="discussed">discussed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="question">question</span> <span word="yet">yet</span>.</p><p> 2)谓语动词如果没有上述词语而是其他动词时,须在它的前面加<span word="do">do</span> <span word="not">not</span>.如： <span word="I">I</span> <span word="dont">dont</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="anything">anything</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="it">it</span>. / <span word="Li">Li</span> <span word="Ming">Ming</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="feed">feed</span> <span word="pigs">pigs</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="countryside">countryside</span>./ <span word="We">We</span> <span word="didnt">didnt</span> <span word="expect">expect</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="meet">meet</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="right">right</span> <span word="here">here</span>./ <span word="We">We</span> <span word="didnt">didnt</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span> <span word="afternoon">afternoon</span>.</p><p> </p>
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