2015年职称英语理工类语法辅导资料：基本句型(3)
<p> 第三句型：主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语</p><p> 我们知道，名词可以做主语和宾语，非谓语动词 -<span word="ing">ing</span>和 <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span>也可以做主语和宾语，</p><p> 作主语：</p><p> <span word="Learning">Learning</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="foreign">foreign</span> <span word="language">language</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="easy">easy</span>.</p><p> <span word="To">To</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="foreign">foreign</span> <span word="language">language</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="easy">easy</span>.</p><p> 从语法角度讲，上述两个表达方式都可以。</p><p> 但是，当动词处于宾语位置时，就不能这样随心所欲了，因为英语语法有以下几个规定：</p><p> 1)<span word="acknowledge">acknowledge</span> / <span word="admit">admit</span> / <span word="appreciate">appreciate</span> / <span word="avoid">avoid</span> / <span word="consider">consider</span> / <span word="contemplate">contemplate</span> / <span word="defer">defer</span> / <span word="deny">deny</span> / <span word="dislike">dislike</span> / <span word="enjoy">enjoy</span> / <span word="escape">escape</span> / <span word="evade">evade</span> / <span word="excuse">excuse</span> / <span word="facilitate">facilitate</span> / <span word="fancy">fancy</span> / <span word="favor">favor</span> / <span word="feel">feel</span> <span word="like">like</span> / <span word="finish">finish</span> / <span word="give">give</span> <span word="up">up</span> / <span word="cannot">cannot</span> <span word="help">help</span> / <span word="cannot">cannot</span> <span word="stand">stand</span> / <span word="imagine">imagine</span> / <span word="include">include</span> / <span word="keep">keep</span> / <span word="do">do</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="mind">mind</span> / <span word="miss">miss</span> / <span word="permit">permit</span> / <span word="practice">practice</span> / <span word="regret">regret</span> / <span word="resent">resent</span> / <span word="risk">risk</span> / <span word="suggest">suggest</span> 等词后面的动词宾语必须用-<span word="ing">ing</span> 形式，重点和首先要掌握黑体字部分。由于这些次的词义与解题关系不大，没有给出具体词义解释。若需要，请学生自己解决。</p><p> 这是语法考试的一个重点，要对以上词特别敏感，例如：</p><p> <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="impossible">impossible</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="avoid">avoid</span> ______ <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="stormy">stormy</span> <span word="weather">weather</span>.</p><p> <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="being">being</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="affected">affected</span></p><p> <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="having">having</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="affected">affected</span></p><p> <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="affected">affected</span></p><p> <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="affected">affected</span></p><p> 解题思路：1)一看到<span word="avoid">avoid</span>一词，便可确定正确答案在<span word="A">A</span>、<span word="B">B</span>中; 2)<span word="affect">affect</span>意为影响，及物动词，故<span word="B">B</span>不对。[如果做题时间来不及，此类题目若有主动语态和被动语态之分，一般选被动语态的正确率高些。]</p>
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