2015年职称英语考试综合类语法复习及指导(二)
<p> 二、名词：</p><p> 英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类：</p><p> 1.专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。</p><p> 专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。</p><p> 如：<span word="Beijing">Beijing</span>, <span word="Tom">Tom</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Peoples">Peoples</span> <span word="Republic">Republic</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="China">China</span></p><p> 专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词<span word="the">the</span>。如：<span word="the">the</span> <span word="Great">Great</span> <span word="Wall">Wall</span></p><p> 姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人,如：<span word="the">the</span> <span word="Greens">Greens</span>。</p><p> 2.普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。如：<span word="pupil">pupil</span>, <span word="family">family</span>, <span word="man">man</span>, <span word="foot">foot</span>.</p><p> 普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。</p><p> 可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如： <span word="box">box</span>, <span word="child">child</span>, <span word="orange">orange</span>;</p><p> 不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如：<span word="water">water</span>, <span word="news">news</span>, <span word="oil">oil</span>, <span word="population">population</span>, <span word="information">information</span> .</p><p> 英语可数名词的单复数：英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。</p><p> 1.名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下：</p><p> ①在单数名词词尾加<span word="s">s</span>。如：<span word="map">map</span><span word="maps">maps</span>,<span word="boy">boy</span> <span word="boys">boys</span>,<span word="horse">horse</span> <span word="horses">horses</span>, <span word="table">table</span> <span word="tables">tables</span>.</p><p> ②<span word="s">s</span>,<span word="o">o</span>,<span word="x">x</span> ,<span word="sh">sh</span>,<span word="ch">ch</span>结尾的词加<span word="es">es</span>.如：<span word="classclasses">classclasses</span>, <span word="boxboxes">boxboxes</span>, <span word="heroheroes">heroheroes</span>, <span word="dishdishes">dishdishes</span>, <span word="benchbenches">benchbenches</span>.</p><p> ：少数以<span word="o">o</span>结尾的词,变复数时只加<span word="s">s</span>。如：<span word="photophotos">photophotos</span>, <span word="pianopianos">pianopianos</span>.</p>
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