2011年托福阅读模拟题（五）
<p> <span word="Question">Question</span> 41-50</p><p> <span word="If">If</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="salinity">salinity</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="ocean">ocean</span> <span word="waters">waters</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="analyzed">analyzed</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="vary">vary</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="slightly">slightly</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="place">place</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="place">place</span>. <span word="Nevertheless">Nevertheless</span>, <span word="some">some</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="changes">changes</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="important">important</span>. <span word="There">There</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="basic">basic</span> <span word="processes">processes</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="cause">cause</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="oceanic">oceanic</span> <span word="salinity">salinity</span>. <span word="One">One</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="subtraction">subtraction</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="water">water</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ocean">ocean</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="means">means</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="evaporation">evaporation</span><span word="conversion">conversion</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="liquid">liquid</span> <span word="water">water</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="water">water</span> <span word="vapor">vapor</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="manner">manner</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="salinity">salinity</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="increased">increased</span>, <span word="since">since</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="salts">salts</span> <span word="stay">stay</span> <span word="behind">behind</span>. <span word="If">If</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="carried">carried</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="extreme">extreme</span>, <span word="of">of</span> <span word="course">course</span>, <span word="white">white</span> <span word="crystals">crystals</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="salt">salt</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="left">left</span> <span word="behind">behind</span>.</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="opposite">opposite</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="evaporation">evaporation</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="precipitation">precipitation</span>, <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="rain">rain</span>, <span word="by">by</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="water">water</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="added">added</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ocean">ocean</span>. <span word="Here">Here</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ocean">ocean</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="diluted">diluted</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="salinity">salinity</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="decreased">decreased</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="occur">occur</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="areas">areas</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="rainfall">rainfall</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="coastal">coastal</span> <span word="regions">regions</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="rivers">rivers</span> <span word="flow">flow</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ocean">ocean</span>. <span word="Thus">Thus</span> <span word="salinity">salinity</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="increased">increased</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="subtraction">subtraction</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="water">water</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="evaporation">evaporation</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="decreased">decreased</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="addition">addition</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="fresh">fresh</span> <span word="water">water</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="precipitation">precipitation</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="runoff">runoff</span>.</p><p> <span word="Normally">Normally</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="tropical">tropical</span> <span word="regions">regions</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sun">sun</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="strong">strong</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ocean">ocean</span> <span word="salinity">salinity</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="somewhat">somewhat</span> <span word="higher">higher</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="parts">parts</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="evaporation">evaporation</span>. <span word="Similarly">Similarly</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="coastal">coastal</span> <span word="regions">regions</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="rivers">rivers</span> <span word="dilute">dilute</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sea">sea</span>, <span word="salinity">salinity</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="somewhat">somewhat</span> <span word="lower">lower</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="oceanic">oceanic</span> <span word="areas">areas</span>.</p><p> <span word="A">A</span> <span word="third">third</span> <span word="process">process</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="salinity">salinity</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="altered">altered</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="associated">associated</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="formation">formation</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="melting">melting</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="sea">sea</span> <span word="ice">ice</span>. <span word="When">When</span> <span word="seawater">seawater</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="frozen">frozen</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dissolved">dissolved</span> <span word="materials">materials</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="left">left</span> <span word="behind">behind</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="manner">manner</span>, <span word="seawater">seawater</span> <span word="directly">directly</span> <span word="beneath">beneath</span> <span word="freshly">freshly</span> <span word="formed">formed</span> <span word="sea">sea</span> <span word="ice">ice</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="higher">higher</span> <span word="salinity">salinity</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ice">ice</span> <span word="appeared">appeared</span>. <span word="Of">Of</span> <span word="course">course</span>, <span word="when">when</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="ice">ice</span> <span word="melts">melts</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="tend">tend</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="decrease">decrease</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="salinity">salinity</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="surrounding">surrounding</span> <span word="water">water</span>.</p>
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