新东方PETS2阅读应试指南(3)
<p> 3) 根据句子中的同义、反义、同等、同位关系作出判断。</p><p> 例1 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="boy">boy</span> <span word="works">works</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="hard">hard</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="sister">sister</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="diligent">diligent</span>.该句中的<span word="also">also</span>使我们知道<span word="diligent">diligent</span>应与<span word="work">work</span> <span word="hard">hard</span>同义。</p><p> 例2 <span word="Unlike">Unlike</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="brother">brother</span>, <span word="who">who</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="truly">truly</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="handsome">handsome</span> <span word="man">man</span>, <span word="John">John</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="quite">quite</span> <span word="homely">homely</span>. 该句中<span word="unlike">unlike</span>是关键词，它说明<span word="John">John</span>与他们的兄弟情况相反。据此可知<span word="handsome">handsome</span>与<span word="homely">homely</span>是反义词，从而推断出<span word="homely">homely</span>应为相貌平平之意。</p><p> 例3 <span word="Not">Not</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="car">car</span>, <span word="bus">bus</span>, <span word="jeep">jeep</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="kinds">kinds</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="vehicle">vehicle</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="factory">factory</span>. 分析这一句子我们可以知道，<span word="other">other</span> <span word="kinds">kinds</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="vehicle">vehicle</span>与<span word="car">car</span>、<span word="bus">bus</span>、<span word="jeep">jeep</span>同作主语，属并列关系，故<span word="vehicle">vehicle</span>一词应与<span word="car">car</span>、<span word="bus">bus</span>、<span word="jeep">jeep</span>属同一义域地上交通工具。</p><p> 例4 <span word="Pandas">Pandas</span>, <span word="tie">tie</span> <span word="bear">bear</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="animal">animal</span>, <span word="live">live</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="China">China</span>. 这一句中的<span word="pandas">pandas</span>与<span word="the">the</span> <span word="bear">bear</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="animal">animal</span>属同位关系。据此可知<span word="panda">panda</span>是一种像熊的动物，根据句子谓语部分又知它仅生长在中国，所以<span word="panda">panda</span>，意为大熊猫。</p><p> 4) 根据文中对某一生词的直接或间接解释来弄清该词的含义。</p><p> 例如：<span word="She">She</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lesion">lesion</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="arm">arm</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="stop">stop</span> <span word="bleeding">bleeding</span>一句中<span word="lesion">lesion</span>假定为生词，我们则可根据后面修饰它的定语从句所提供的意思血流不止来推知<span word="lesion">lesion</span>为伤口之意。</p><p> 5) 根据因果关系猜测词义</p><p> 一定的原因导致一定的结果，原因和结果之间自有逻辑上的联系。因此，原因不清楚可以根据结果部分来推断，结果部分语义不明则可根据原因部分来分析。</p>
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