公共英语四级考试阅读中的被动语态
<p> 语法在考试中只在结构和词汇部分中有7到8个题目，语法知识似乎在得分上没有多少采分点。但是语法在阅读理解中带来的问题主要体现在语序上，当一个语法点在阅读中的语序和中文中的正常语序相反的时候，文字理解的速度就会降低。</p><p> 而当一个语法现象和另一个语法现象组合使用时，语序的问题就会十分突出(尤其是当一个同学单词背得差不多的时候)。四级考试中考察的是语法组合中的意思表达和考生的语法实际应用能力，即动态语法(<span word="Grammar">Grammar</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="action">action</span>/<span word="Grammar">Grammar</span> <span word="express">express</span>)。本节主要讲解一些四级考试中常见的被动语态： 被动的处理如下：</p><p> 句型1：<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="estimated">estimated</span> <span word="that">that</span>/<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="observed">observed</span> <span word="that">that</span>/<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="reported">reported</span> <span word="that">that</span>时，被动可在中文中处理为据估计(据报道/据发现)比被估计要自然一些，这种句型中<span word="that">that</span>后面的叙述才是信息点(尤其是在段落首句的时候)</p><p> 例：<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="observed">observed</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="although">although</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="knowledge">knowledge</span> <span word="greatly">greatly</span> <span word="exceeds">exceeds</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="previous">previous</span> <span word="ages">ages</span>， <span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="corresponding">corresponding</span> <span word="increasing">increasing</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="wisdom">wisdom</span>.</p><p> 译：据观察，虽然我们的知识远超过前一代，在智慧上却没有相应的增长。</p><p> 句型2：<span word="Something">Something</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="done">done</span>句型，<span word="is">is</span>是虚词，只有有限的字面意思，在文字上是不翻译的，俗称被动不走被字。</p><p> 例：<span word="When">When</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="mentally">mentally</span> <span word="engaged">engaged</span>， <span word="great">great</span> <span word="chemical">chemical</span> <span word="changes">changes</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="place">place</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="cognitive">cognitive</span> <span word="areas">areas</span>.</p>
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