伽利略的复生
<p> <span word="In">In</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="lifetime">lifetime</span> <span word="Galileo">Galileo</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="centre">centre</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="violent">violent</span> <span word="controversy">controversy</span>;<span word="but">but</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="scientific">scientific</span> <span word="dust">dust</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="since">since</span> <span word="settled">settled</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="today">today</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="hisfamous">hisfamous</span> <span word="clash">clash</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Inquisition">Inquisition</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="something">something</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="proper">proper</span> <span word="perspective">perspective</span>.<span word="But">But</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="contrast">contrast</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="modern">modern</span> <span word="times">times</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="Galileo">Galileo</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="problemchild">problemchild</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="historians">historians</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="science">science</span>.</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="view">view</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Galileo">Galileo</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="delightfully">delightfully</span> <span word="uncomplicated">uncomplicated</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="was">was</span>,<span word="above">above</span> <span word="all">all</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="experimented">experimented</span>: <span word="who">who</span> <span word="despised">despised</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="prejudices">prejudices</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="booklearning">booklearning</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Aristotelians">Aristotelians</span>, <span word="who">who</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="questions">questions</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="nature">nature</span> <span word="instead">instead</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="tothe">tothe</span> <span word="ancients">ancients</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="drew">drew</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="conclusions">conclusions</span> <span word="fearlessly">fearlessly</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="toturn">toturn</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="telescope">telescope</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sky">sky</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="seen">seen</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="evidence">evidence</span> <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="overthrowAristotle">overthrowAristotle</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</span> <span word="together">together</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="climbed">climbed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Leaning">Leaning</span> <span word="Tower">Tower</span> <span word="ofPisa">ofPisa</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="dropped">dropped</span> <span word="various">various</span> <span word="weights">weights</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="top">top</span>, <span word="who">who</span> <span word="rolled">rolled</span> <span word="balls">balls</span> <span word="down">down</span> <span word="inclinedplanes">inclinedplanes</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="generalized">generalized</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="results">results</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="experiments">experiments</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="thefamous">thefamous</span> <span word="law">law</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="free">free</span> <span word="fall">fall</span>.</p><p> <span word="But">But</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="closer">closer</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="evidence">evidence</span>, <span word="supported">supported</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="deeper">deeper</span> <span word="sense">sense</span> <span word="ofthe">ofthe</span> <span word="period">period</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="particularly">particularly</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="consciousness">consciousness</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="philosophicalundercurrents">philosophicalundercurrents</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="scientific">scientific</span> <span word="revolution">revolution</span>, <span word="has">has</span> <span word="profoundly">profoundly</span> <span word="modified">modified</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="viewof">viewof</span> <span word="Galileo">Galileo</span>. <span word="Today">Today</span>, <span word="although">although</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="Galileo">Galileo</span> <span word="lives">lives</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="popular">popular</span> <span word="writings">writings</span>,<span word="among">among</span> <span word="historians">historians</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="science">science</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="sophisticated">sophisticated</span> <span word="picture">picture</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="emerged">emerged</span>.<span word="At">At</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="sympathy">sympathy</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="Galileos">Galileos</span> <span word="opponents">opponents</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="grown">grown</span> <span word="somewhat">somewhat</span>. <span word="His">His</span> <span word="telescopicobservations">telescopicobservations</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="justly">justly</span> <span word="immortal">immortal</span>; <span word="they">they</span> <span word="aroused">aroused</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="interest">interest</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span>, <span word="theyhad">theyhad</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="theoretical">theoretical</span> <span word="consequences">consequences</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="provided">provided</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="strikingdemonstration">strikingdemonstration</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="potentialities">potentialities</span> <span word="hidden">hidden</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="instruments">instruments</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="apparatus">apparatus</span>. <span word="Butcan">Butcan</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="blame">blame</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="looked">looked</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="failed">failed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="Galileo">Galileo</span> <span word="saw">saw</span>, <span word="if">if</span> <span word="weremember">weremember</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="telescope">telescope</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="limit">limit</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="powers">powers</span> <span word="calls">calls</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="longexperience">longexperience</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="intimate">intimate</span> <span word="familiarity">familiarity</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="ones">ones</span> <span word="instrument">instrument</span>? <span word="Was">Was</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="philosopherwho">philosopherwho</span> <span word="refused">refused</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="look">look</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="Galileos">Galileos</span> <span word="telescope">telescope</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="culpable">culpable</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="whoalleged">whoalleged</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="spiral">spiral</span> <span word="nebulae">nebulae</span> <span word="observed">observed</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="Lord">Lord</span> <span word="Rosses">Rosses</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="telescope">telescope</span> <span word="inthe">inthe</span> <span word="eighteen">eighteen</span>-<span word="forties">forties</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="scratches">scratches</span> <span word="left">left</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="grinder">grinder</span>? <span word="We">We</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="perhaps">perhaps</span> <span word="forgivethose">forgivethose</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="moons">moons</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Jupiter">Jupiter</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="produced">produced</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="Galileos">Galileos</span> <span word="spyglass">spyglass</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="werecall">werecall</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="day">day</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="centuries">centuries</span> <span word="before">before</span>, <span word="curved">curved</span> <span word="glass">glass</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="popularcontrivance">popularcontrivance</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="producing">producing</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="truth">truth</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="illusion">illusion</span>, <span word="untruth">untruth</span>; <span word="and">and</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="singlecurved">singlecurved</span> <span word="glass">glass</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="distort">distort</span> <span word="nature">nature</span>, <span word="how">how</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="pair">pair</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="them">them</span>?</p>
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