考研英语作文最后两月复习策略
<p> 在考研英语的各个题型中，考生最能主动得分的当属作文部分，这种主观能动性在最后两个月尤为明显。那么，我们如何在最后两个月充分调动自己的主观能动性，写出给阅卷老师印象深刻的文章呢？ 我们先要明晰2010版考研大纲对考研英语作文的要求。简言之，<span word="A">A</span>节应用文的要求是：信息点的覆盖和内容的组织、语言的准确性、格式和语域的恰当；对<span word="B">B</span>节作文的要求：强调内容的完整性、文章组织的连贯性、语法结构和词汇的多样性及语言的准确性。需要指出的是，如果考生书写不清晰，以致影响阅卷老师的理解，分数降低一个档次。因此，书写不清晰或者书写习惯较差的考生应当注意，不要为此而丢分。最近笔者读了一篇文章，文中说，66天改变习惯，所以相信自己一定能摒弃书写不清晰的习惯。切记：不求写得漂亮，但求写得清晰。 下面，我们结合大纲的要求，告诉考生如何写出给阅卷老师印象深刻的文章。 首先，措辞应当准确。譬如，一个考生答复邀请信时说：<span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="sorry">sorry</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="refuse">refuse</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="invitation">invitation</span>。很明显，<span word="refuse">refuse</span>不符合礼貌原则，应该用<span word="decline">decline</span>，表示婉言拒绝。此外，考生应该注意用词的地道性，因为很多同学写作文时不是在写，而是在译，也就是脑子里先有汉语，然后用英语表达出来，结果是出现一些啼笑皆非的<span word="Chinglish">Chinglish</span>. 例如，去年的作文<span word="B">B</span>部分考查的是网络问题，一个考生想表达网络扩大了我们的视野，结果写成：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="internet">internet</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="enlarged">enlarged</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="eyes">eyes</span> （因特网扩大了我们的眼睛），地道的说法是：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="internet">internet</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="broadened">broadened</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="horizon">horizon</span>. 其次，我们一定要避免的重大的语法错误，注重句式的多样性。常见的重大语法错误有：主谓不一致，动词的时态和语态误用，主句和修饰成分逻辑主语不一致，连串句，残缺句等。下面请看几个例子： （误）<span word="He">He</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="class">class</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="strongly">strongly</span> <span word="advocates">advocates</span> <span word="environmental">environmental</span> <span word="protection">protection</span>（主谓不一致） （正）<span word="He">He</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="class">class</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="strongly">strongly</span> <span word="advocate">advocate</span> <span word="environmental">environmental</span> <span word="protection">protection</span>. （误）<span word="Qingdao">Qingdao</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="building">building</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="subway">subway</span>. （动词的时态和语态误用） （正）<span word="A">A</span> <span word="subway">subway</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="built">built</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Qingdao">Qingdao</span>. （误）<span word="In">In</span> <span word="order">order</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="write">write</span> <span word="well">well</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="books">books</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="read">read</span>. （主句和修饰成分逻辑主语不一致） （正）<span word="In">In</span> <span word="order">order</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="write">write</span> <span word="well">well</span>, <span word="we">we</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="read">read</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="books">books</span>. （误）<span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="live">live</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="city">city</span>, <span word="others">others</span> <span word="prefer">prefer</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="stay">stay</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="countryside">countryside</span>. （连串句） （正）<span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="live">live</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="city">city</span>, <span word="while">while</span> <span word="others">others</span> <span word="prefer">prefer</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="stay">stay</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="countryside">countryside</span>. （误）<span word="Nowadays">Nowadays</span>, <span word="primary">primary</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="China">China</span> <span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="hard">hard</span> <span word="life">life</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="example">example</span>, <span word="too">too</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="courses">courses</span>, <span word="too">too</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="homework">homework</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="freedom">freedom</span>.（残缺句） （正）<span word="Nowadays">Nowadays</span>, <span word="primary">primary</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="China">China</span> <span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="hard">hard</span> <span word="life">life</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="example">example</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="suffer">suffer</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="courses">courses</span>, <span word="too">too</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="homework">homework</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="freedom">freedom</span>. 这些错误一旦在作文中出现，会给阅卷老师留下很恶劣的印象，考生一定要避免。关于句式的多样性，考生一定能让阅卷老师感觉到自己有驾驽多种句式和从句的能力，例如三大类从句、倒装句、强调句等，让老师感觉到考生的作文造句长短结合，句式多变。 再者，考生一定要注意结构完整，脉络清晰 ，论证充分。研究生考试作文阅卷时间紧，且采用<span word="global">global</span> <span word="scoring">scoring</span>（整体评分）方法，因此阅卷老师不可能慢悠悠地欣赏你的大作。作文阅卷老师都是经验非常丰富的大学英语教师，他们要在短时间内浏览完考生作文，给出评分意见。因此，考生在写作时，一个完整框架是必不可少的，首先应让阅卷老师觉得你的文章是结构完整合理、符合要求的。换言之，即具备英语文章的基本要素：引言段、扩展段和结尾段。同时，我们要注意中应写作习惯的差别。中文讲究意合，而英语注意形合，要求句与句、段与段之间运用恰当的过渡词，把上下文有机地连接起来。此外，考生在扩展段落时，一定要做到言之有理，言之有据。在写作时，只要提出观点就要用几句话来丰富自己的观点，而不是罗列观点。切记：没有例证和细节的观点是很难让阅卷老师信服的。 最后，<span word="practice">practice</span> <span word="makes">makes</span> <span word="perfect">perfect</span>! 学习语言表达方法和熟悉文章结构固然重要，但是只有通过真正的动笔写，一个人的写作能力才能得到提高。考生最好能找有范文的题目进行练习，以便写完后能与范文进行对比。重点是要检查文章是否切题，行文是否流畅，有无严重的语法错误等。同时通过比较可以及时发现自己的差距，模仿范文的优秀之处。应该把每次练习都当作模拟演练，将时间控制在考试规定时间内。</p>
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