考研英语写作题型概述及命题趋势大全四
<p> 考研英语写作中的常见错误 作文部分是考研英语试卷中最难的主观题，也是考生得分率较低的题型。从历年考试来看，考生在写作部分大量失分的原因是考生在写作中存在一些具有代表性的普遍问题。以下是一些从考生作文中摘抄下来的例子。 <span word="Today">Today</span>, <span word="students">students</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="practice">practice</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="more">more</span>. <span word="Light">Light</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="powerful">powerful</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="circumstances">circumstances</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="dark">dark</span>. <span word="As">As</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="university">university</span> <span word="student">student</span>, <span word="we">we</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="hard">hard</span> <span word="science">science</span> <span word="knowledge">knowledge</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="remote">remote</span> <span word="country">country</span>, <span word="some">some</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="can">can</span>?<span word="t">t</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="money">money</span>. <span word="If">If</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="others">others</span> <span word="without">without</span> <span word="thinking">thinking</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="others">others</span> <span word="need">need</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="perhaps">perhaps</span> <span word="decrease">decrease</span> <span word="other">other</span>?<span word="s">s</span> <span word="confidence">confidence</span>. <span word="I">I</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="show">show</span> <span word="love">love</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="suitable">suitable</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="others">others</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="facing">facing</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="difficulty">difficulty</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="helps">helps</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="picture">picture</span> <span word="below">below</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dark">dark</span> <span word="full">full</span> <span word="situation">situation</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="spark">spark</span> <span word="enlightens">enlightens</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dark">dark</span>. <span word="We">We</span> <span word="offer">offer</span> <span word="love">love</span>, <span word="more">more</span> <span word="important">important</span>, <span word="we">we</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="love">love</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="roommates">roommates</span>? <span word="help">help</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="couldn">couldn</span>?<span word="t">t</span> <span word="live">live</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="physics">physics</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="spirits">spirits</span>. <span word="Let">Let</span>?<span word="s">s</span> <span word="hold">hold</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="hands">hands</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="build">build</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="country">country</span> <span word="filled">filled</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="love">love</span> <span word="hearts">hearts</span>. 上面的例子代表了考研作文中存在的一些普遍问题。这些问题概括起来主要表现在以下几个方面： 审题不清，致使文章内容偏离主题。如在2002年考试中，有些考生将作文的主题定位为中国的民族服装为何受西方人喜爱，偏离了文化融合这一主题。我们知道，依据作文的评分原则，若文章内容不切题，则不管语言如何规范、用词如何准确，都会被判为零分。 内容空洞，言之无物，东拉西扯，无明显主题。 汉语思维，逐字翻译，中式英语。很多考生在写英语作文时，习惯于先用汉语进行构思，然后再将汉语译成英语。结果文章中出现很多中式英语，令人难以理解。大家最熟悉的一个典型例子是：<span word="Good">Good</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="study">study</span>, <span word="day">day</span> <span word="day">day</span> <span word="up">up</span> （好好学习，天天向上）。 词汇量小，用词不准确，词不达意。如<span word="do">do</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="contribution">contribution</span>中的<span word="do">do</span>就属于用词不准确，应该用<span word="make">make</span>。 语法错误较多，主要表现为主谓不一致，第三人称单数不加<span word="s">s</span>，以及时态语态、名词单复数、句子完整性方面的错误。这些错误在考生看来可能无关紧要，但直接影响着作文的整体质量。 句子单调，句型单一，句式缺少变化。 不会使用起承上启下作用的过渡词语，文章缺乏连贯性。 总之，一篇优秀的英语作文在内容和语言两方面应是一个统一体，任何一方面的欠缺都会直接影响到作文的质量。然而，很多考生在写作中或者由于粗心大意，或者由于基本功不扎实而经常出现一些语法、词汇、逻辑、语篇等方面的错误。这些错误如果得不到及时的解决，将直接影响作文得高分。下面对这几方面的错误分别予以分析和说明。 1) 词汇错误 词汇方面的错误主要表现在拼写不正确、词形相近而词义不同的词的混用、名词单复数不清、搭配不当等。 拼写错误 拼写是考生应该具备的起码的基本功，但在考生的作文中却经常能发现很多拼写错误。拼写错误虽然未被列入扣分标准，但大量拼写错误的存在不仅体现出语言基本功差，同时也直接影响内容的表达。以下例子中，划线部分为拼写不正确的单词。从中可以看出，有些拼写错误影响了整个句子的意思。 ...<span word="flower">flower</span> <span word="cuircling">cuircling</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="head">head</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Chinese">Chinese</span> <span word="Changming">Changming</span> <span word="lock">lock</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="chest">chest</span>... <span word="In">In</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="history">history</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="beared">beared</span> <span word="excellent">excellent</span> <span word="culture">culture</span>，... <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="past">past</span>, <span word="we">we</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="stranged">stranged</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="countries">countries</span>? <span word="costume">costume</span> <span word="while">while</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="familiar">familiar</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="this">this</span>. <span word="What">What</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="accomplished">accomplished</span> <span word="today">today</span> <span word="party">party</span> <span word="attribute">attribute</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="giving">giving</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="hand">hand</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="work">work</span>. <span word="With">With</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="development">development</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="saciety">saciety</span>, ... <span word="enviroment">enviroment</span> <span word="pollution">pollution</span>, <span word="We">We</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="anything">anything</span> <span word="happyly">happyly</span>. <span word="If">If</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="family">family</span> <span word="fulling">fulling</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="love">love</span> <span word="you">you</span>, ... 近形异义词（词组）混用 英语中有很多单词（词组）词形非常相似，但词义却相差甚远，使用起来往往容易混淆。这是考研英语作文中另一词汇方面的常见错误。这些词（词组）的混用或误用经常会引起歧义，有时甚至会产生相反的意思。如<span word="contribute">contribute</span> <span word="to">to</span> 和<span word="attribute">attribute</span> <span word="to">to</span>意思就完全相反，但考生常将二者混淆；其他容易混淆的词还有： <span word="confirm">confirm</span> （确认）<span word="conform">conform</span> （使适合） <span word="economic">economic</span> （经济的）<span word="economical">economical</span> （节约的） <span word="courage">courage</span> （勇气）<span word="encourage">encourage</span> （鼓励） <span word="transmit">transmit</span> （传送）<span word="transform">transform</span> （转换） <span word="liter">liter</span> （升、公升）<span word="litter">litter</span> （乱丢、乱扔） <span word="consist">consist</span> <span word="of">of</span> （由组成）<span word="consist">consist</span> <span word="in">in</span> （存在于） <span word="belong">belong</span> <span word="to">to</span> （属于）<span word="belong">belong</span> <span word="in">in</span> （应归入） 搭配不当 英语中有大量的习惯用语和固定搭配，这些搭配主要有名词、动词、形容词与介词或副词的搭配。有些考生由于对此掌握得不够牢固，经常在这方面出错，从而影响了对作文的理解。 误： <span word="to">to</span> <span word="solve">solve</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="question">question</span> 正： <span word="to">to</span> <span word="solve">solve</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="problem">problem</span> 误： <span word="pay">pay</span> <span word="attention">attention</span> <span word="on">on</span> 正： <span word="pay">pay</span> <span word="attention">attention</span> <span word="to">to</span> 误： <span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="changes">changes</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="happened">happened</span>. 正： <span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="changes">changes</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="taken">taken</span> <span word="place">place</span>. 误： <span word="on">on</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="opinion">opinion</span> 正： <span word="in">in</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="opinion">opinion</span> 用词不当 许多考生由于词汇量有限，或单词掌握得不够牢固，因此不能正确使用已学过和已经记住的单词，出现用词不当、词不达意等问题。 例如： <span word="the">the</span> <span word="naive">naive</span> <span word="spark">spark</span>, <span word="enlighten">enlighten</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dark">dark</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="happy">happy</span> <span word="home">home</span>, <span word="calm">calm</span> <span word="gulf">gulf</span>, <span word="health">health</span> <span word="knowledge">knowledge</span>等。 </p>
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