考研英语作文155篇The origin of Refrigerators
<p> <span word="By">By</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mid">mid</span>-<span word="nineteenth">nineteenth</span> <span word="century">century</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="term">term</span> <span word="icebox">icebox</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="entered">entered</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="language">language</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="ice">ice</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="beginning">beginning</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="affect">affect</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="diet">diet</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="ordinary">ordinary</span> <span word="citizens">citizens</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="ice">ice</span> <span word="trade">trade</span> <span word="grew">grew</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="growth">growth</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="cities">cities</span>. <span word="Ice">Ice</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="hotels">hotels</span>, <span word="taverns">taverns</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="hospitals">hospitals</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="forward">forward</span>-<span word="looking">looking</span> <span word="city">city</span> <span word="dealers">dealers</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="fresh">fresh</span> <span word="meat">meat</span>, <span word="fresh">fresh</span> <span word="fish">fish</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="butter">butter</span>. <span word="After">After</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Civil">Civil</span> <span word="War">War</span> , <span word="as">as</span> <span word="ice">ice</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="refrigerate">refrigerate</span> <span word="freight">freight</span> <span word="cars">cars</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="household">household</span> <span word="use">use</span>. <span word="Even">Even</span> <span word="before">before</span> 1880, <span word="half">half</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ice">ice</span> <span word="sold">sold</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="New">New</span> <span word="York">York</span>, <span word="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Baltimore">Baltimore</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="one">one</span>-<span word="third">third</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="sold">sold</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Boston">Boston</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Chicago">Chicago</span>, <span word="went">went</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="families">families</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="use">use</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="possible">possible</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="household">household</span> <span word="convenience">convenience</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="icebox">icebox</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="precursor">precursor</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="modern">modern</span> <span word="refrigerator">refrigerator</span>, <span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="invented">invented</span>.</p><p> <span word="Making">Making</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="efficient">efficient</span> <span word="icebox">icebox</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="easy">easy</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="suppose">suppose</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="nineteenth">nineteenth</span> <span word="century">century</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="knowledge">knowledge</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="physics">physics</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="heat">heat</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="essential">essential</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="science">science</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="refrigeration">refrigeration</span>, <span word="was">was</span> <span word="rudimentary">rudimentary</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="commonsense">commonsense</span> <span word="notion">notion</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="icebox">icebox</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="prevented">prevented</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ice">ice</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="melting">melting</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="course">course</span> <span word="mistaken">mistaken</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="melting">melting</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ice">ice</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="performed">performed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cooling">cooling</span>. <span word="Nevertheless">Nevertheless</span>, <span word="early">early</span> <span word="efforts">efforts</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="economize">economize</span> <span word="ice">ice</span> <span word="included">included</span> <span word="wrapping">wrapping</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ice">ice</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="blankets">blankets</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="kept">kept</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ice">ice</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="doing">doing</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="job">job</span>. <span word="Not">Not</span> <span word="until">until</span> <span word="near">near</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="end">end</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="nineteenth">nineteenth</span> <span word="century">century</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="inventors">inventors</span> <span word="achieve">achieve</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="delicate">delicate</span> <span word="balance">balance</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="insulation">insulation</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="circulation">circulation</span> <span word="needed">needed</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="efficient">efficient</span> <span word="icebox">icebox</span>.</p><p> <span word="But">But</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="as">as</span> 1803, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="ingenious">ingenious</span> <span word="Maryland">Maryland</span> <span word="farmer">farmer</span>, <span word="Thomas">Thomas</span> <span word="Moore">Moore</span>, <span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="right">right</span> <span word="track">track</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="owned">owned</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="farm">farm</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="twenty">twenty</span> <span word="miles">miles</span> <span word="outside">outside</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="city">city</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Washington">Washington</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="village">village</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Georgetown">Georgetown</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="market">market</span> <span word="center">center</span>. <span word="When">When</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="icebox">icebox</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="design">design</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="transport">transport</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="butter">butter</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="market">market</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="customers">customers</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="pass">pass</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rapidly">rapidly</span> <span word="melting">melting</span> <span word="stuff">stuff</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="tubs">tubs</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="competitors">competitors</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="pay">pay</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="premium">premium</span> <span word="price">price</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="butter">butter</span>, <span word="still">still</span> <span word="fresh">fresh</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="hard">hard</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="neat">neat</span>, <span word="one">one</span>-<span word="pound">pound</span> <span word="bricks">bricks</span>. <span word="One">One</span> <span word="advantage">advantage</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="icebox">icebox</span>, <span word="Moore">Moore</span> <span word="explained">explained</span>, <span word="was">was</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="farmers">farmers</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="longer">longer</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="travel">travel</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="market">market</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="night">night</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="order">order</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="keep">keep</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="produce">produce</span> <span word="cool">cool</span>.</p>
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