英语六级高分作文解题技巧及冲刺策略
<p> 一、解题技巧 写作解题时间为30分钟，分为三步：5分钟审题和构思，20分钟写作，5分钟检查可能犯的错误。下面分步骤说明。 审题和构思 事实上提供给写作的时间不止30分钟。一般来说，各考场会提前5分钟左右将答题卡一发到四六级考生手里，大一点的考场甚至可能提前10分钟发卷。这5到10分钟不允许学生作答，但考生完全可以用来做作文部分的审题和构思工作。注意审题一定要仔细，按要求写作，不得擅自改动题目，给定的提纲不得有遗漏，否则会按比例扣分。尤其注意，不要因为事先自己背过或练过哪篇相似的文章而死搬硬套。否则后果很严重。如，2008年12月六级写作真题题目是<span word="College">College</span> <span word="Students">Students</span> <span word="Mental">Mental</span> <span word="Health">Health</span>，提纲为 1. 心理健康对于大学生很重要 2. 鉴于此，学校可以 3. 我们自己应该 而在考试之前我出过一道类似的模拟题，题目为<span word="Psychological">Psychological</span> <span word="Problems">Problems</span> <span word="Among">Among</span> <span word="College">College</span> <span word="Students">Students</span>, 提纲为 1. 很多大学生有严重的心理问题 2. 产生这些问题的原因 3. 如何解决这些问题 可以看出，我给的提纲是按照比较规矩的三段论来的，即提出问题、分析问题、解决问题。但真题的提纲并未要求考生分析问题，反倒有两段要写解决问题。有的考生因为看过或背过模拟题的范文，就直接照搬，导致了失分。 另外，构思不是打草稿。并不建议学生练习写作时养成打草稿的习惯。因为考场上时间有限，打完草稿再誊写很可能来不及。另外，更重要的原因是考场上不发草稿纸，一般也不允许往里带纸，难以找到打草稿的地方。考生只要花三五分钟做一下构思即可，即想象一下每段大致写什么，可以记几个关键词提示自己，在接下来的二十分钟里面按照这几个关键词提示的内容扩展就行。一般来说，要求不少于150词的文章最好写到180到200词，就句子数目来说，如果分三段，每段也就三到五句话，平均四句一段。那么整篇文章大约10个关键词就可以做好构思。以2009年6月六级写作真题为例。 <span word="Directions">Directions</span>: <span word="For">For</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="allowed">allowed</span> 30 <span word="minutes">minutes</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="write">write</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="short">short</span> <span word="essay">essay</span> <span word="entitled">entitled</span> <span word="On">On</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Importance">Importance</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="Name">Name</span>. <span word="You">You</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="write">write</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="least">least</span> 150 <span word="words">words</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="outline">outline</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="below">below</span>. 1. 有人说名字很重要 2. 也有人觉得名字无关紧要 3. 我认为 构思第一段时，想到可以来一句铺垫的话，如名字重不重要是个有争议的话题，可以写下<span word="controversial">controversial</span>或<span word="topic">topic</span>，作为关键词;下一句是有人说名字很重要，可以先写下<span word="important">important</span>。再往后想两条理由或例证即可。理由如好名字容易被记住，因而可以给人来更多机会，和按照传统理论起的名字可能会对人起到暗中庇护的作用例证如有人认为毛泽东伟大是因为名字就大气，<span word="Bill">Bill</span> <span word="Gates">Gates</span>有钱是因为他的名字可以表示钞票，姓表示很多大门，很多大门都来钱，所以有钱。第二、三段情同此理。其实第一段想好了，后两段也就容易了。比如第二段可以将第一 段的理由或例证反过来用，第三段可以总结或折中一下。字数还是比较容易写够的。 写作 写作的过程当中，要注意这样几条高分策略。 字迹清楚，段落明朗：字体不要太大，也不要太小，以行间距的三分之一到二分之一为合适;另外，大小要一致，不要忽大忽小;字母的倾斜方向要一致，不要东倒西歪;要抵着给出的虚线写，不能上窜下跳;总之，要给阅卷人清楚、工整的感觉。段落一般为三段，采用段首缩进式，即每段开头空4至8个字母的格，每段段首缩进的量要一致，要让阅卷人一目了然。 内容完整，紧扣提纲：一般来说， 六级写作都会给出三点汉语提纲，考生应严格按照三点写成三段。不要有遗漏，也不要随意改变提纲要点的顺序。因为阅卷人要在30秒左右的时间打出分数，所以不希望看到与提纲严重背离的作文。 首保正确，再求闪光：这一条是最核心的，因为在写作时间和篇幅都比较短的情况下，考生写出的内容几乎是一样的，唯一的判断标准几乎就是语言的质量。要首先保证语法和拼写正确，哪怕用小词、短句也可以。有能力的话再追求闪光的词句。例如，有考生在写2009年6月的作文时，写出了这样的开头句：<span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="denying">denying</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fact">fact</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="vital">vital</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="name">name</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="hotly">hotly</span> <span word="debated">debated</span> <span word="topic">topic</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="China">China</span>. 这句话是套用我以往范文给过的句子，基本结构是对的，但有两处明显的错误。一处为<span word="vital">vital</span>，是个形容词，而这里应该用名词。作者可能想用一个牛词来替换<span word="importance">importance</span>以显示用词多样，结果弄巧成拙。另外一处错误为<span word="name">name</span>之前应该有冠词<span word="a">a</span>，其实题目中都给了，结果这位同学忽略了，缺乏基本的语法意识。其实作文中常犯的语法错误除了冠词错误，还包括时态错误、名词和动词单复数错误、代词不一致错误、词性错误以及句子主谓不完整错误。下笔时一定要谨慎。篇幅关系这里不能赘述。 先总后分，连词用上：这里说的是段落的结构和连贯性的问题。英语文章特别喜欢先总后分或开门见山的格局，另外，段落之间和句子之间的形式连接手段特别明显，即关联词用的很多。在写作的时候，几乎就是把给出的三点提纲作为每段的开头句，然后再加上两三个扩展句即理由或例证句就可以了。当然有时候为了论证自然或扩展字数也可以加上一点铺垫的句子。如2009年6月真题作文开头一句既可以是<span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="claim">claim</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="names">names</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="importance">importance</span>. 也可以是<span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="denying">denying</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fact">fact</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="controversial">controversial</span> <span word="topic">topic</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="names">names</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="not">not</span>. 然后再说<span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="hold">hold</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="positive">positive</span> <span word="view">view</span>.后面再加上两三句论证的话。论证句或扩展句之间最好有连接词，如<span word="First">First</span>, <span word="Second">Second</span>, <span word="Besides">Besides</span>, <span word="Also">Also</span>, <span word="Similarly">Similarly</span>, <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="way">way</span>, <span word="However">However</span>等等。 语言简练，论据得当：不要啰嗦，不要过于重复和堆砌。有些考生背诵了一些经典的句型，为了凑字就全用上了，给人低层次的感觉。如最后一段用同学写道：<span word="As">As</span> <span word="far">far</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="concerned">concerned</span>, <span word="weighing">weighing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pros">pros</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="cons">cons</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="arguments">arguments</span>, <span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="inclined">inclined</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="agree">agree</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="latter">latter</span> <span word="point">point</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="view">view</span>. 其实<span word="As">As</span> <span word="far">far</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="concerned">concerned</span>和<span word="weighing">weighing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pros">pros</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="cons">cons</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="arguments">arguments</span>用一个就行了。 另外，尽管内容不及语言重要，但也肯定会影响分数的。考生应尽量平时多练，以期在考场上也能很快想到一些有力的理由和贴切的例证。另外，要敢于表达自己的思想，不要一味地为了保证语言正确而裹步不前，只说一些小学生的话。如有同学写09年真题第一段时写道：<span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="names">names</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="important">important</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="say">say</span> <span word="that">that</span>, <span word="if">if</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="name">name</span>, <span word="we">we</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="remember">remember</span> <span word="him">him</span>. <span word="If">If</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="name">name</span>, <span word="we">we</span> <span word="cannot">cannot</span> <span word="remember">remember</span> <span word="him">him</span>. 这样的作文倒是没有语言错误，但肯定也得不了高分。 检查 其实考生应该在下笔写作的时候就谨慎，仔细，避免错误，但即便这样，错误也是会有的，包括语法和拼写错误，尤其对于平时缺乏练习的同学来说。那么就需要留几分钟通读一下，检查和改正。注意，要改的是一些语法或拼写错误，而不是作内容上的大的改动，换言之，是改一些词或词组，而不是改整个句子或段落，因为那样会造成卷面混乱，导致低分。要想避免内容上的错误，构思时就要想好，落笔时就要谨慎。还有改正错误要注意方式，尽量不要用涂改液或涂改带，以免有作弊嫌疑，也不要在一个词上涂画太多，影响卷面整洁。一般可以用一条斜线划掉错词，然后在其上方写出正确的，或者用胶带或刀片之类轻轻将错词去掉，然后在原位置写出正确的。 1本文为名师指导2010英语六级高分作文解题技巧及冲刺策略，供广大考生备考使用。 二、冲刺方略 即使到考前剩的时间不多，写作也是大有可为的。要做的事情有两件，一个是背，一个是练。 背主要是背范文，从实战出发，可以背模拟题的范文。背的目的有两个，一是掌握一些常用的经典句型，在考场上应急，另外是学习范文的思路和文章结构，以期为己所用。背不要贪多，一种类型的文章背一篇也就差不多。如果按我课上讲的把作文分为五大类，那差不多背五篇就行。而且实在不能一字不差的背下来也不要太担心，背下大部分就行。其实，与背范文同样重要的是背诵一些自己在阅读里看到的比较有感觉的好词好句，那样可以避免与别人写成一样的。 练也是练模拟题，因为考过的写作真题再考的可能性几乎是没有的。数量大约5到10篇，也就是每种类型一到两篇。练的时候可以用背诵过的模板，但最好还是能用自己的话，不敢肯定的话可以写完之后去查，实在不敢肯定的可以请教别人或使用范文的说法。其实练模拟题主要目的并不是为了押题，而是提高构思和英汉转换的速度，为了培养一批自己比较喜欢的好词好句。 附：2009年6月六级写作真题参考范文 <span word="On">On</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Importance">Importance</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="Name">Name</span> <span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="denying">denying</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fact">fact</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="controversial">controversial</span> <span word="topic">topic</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="names">names</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="not">not</span>. <span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="hold">hold</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="positive">positive</span> <span word="view">view</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="claim">claim</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="name">name</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="name">name</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="easily">easily</span> <span word="remembered">remembered</span>, <span word="can">can</span> <span word="bring">bring</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="opportunities">opportunities</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="others">others</span>. <span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="Chinese">Chinese</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="believe">believe</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="name">name</span> <span word="designed">designed</span> <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="traditional">traditional</span> <span word="theory">theory</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="five">five</span> <span word="elements">elements</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="bring">bring</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="luck">luck</span>. <span word="Others">Others</span>, <span word="however">however</span>, <span word="hold">hold</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="opposite">opposite</span> <span word="view">view</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="argue">argue</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="name">name</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="nothing">nothing</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="code">code</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="distinguish">distinguish</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="another">another</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="name">name</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="successful">successful</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="name">name</span> <span word="indicates">indicates</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="way">way</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="common">common</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="casually">casually</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="name">name</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="achieve">achieve</span> <span word="tremendous">tremendous</span> <span word="success">success</span>. <span word="Personally">Personally</span>, <span word="I">I</span> <span word="believe">believe</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="sides">sides</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="something">something</span> <span word="right">right</span>, <span word="so">so</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="extremes">extremes</span>. <span word="On">On</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="hand">hand</span>, <span word="we">we</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="admit">admit</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="designed">designed</span> <span word="name">name</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="extent">extent</span>. <span word="On">On</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="hand">hand</span>, <span word="we">we</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="exaggerate">exaggerate</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="effect">effect</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="name">name</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="persons">persons</span> <span word="fate">fate</span>. <span word="Anyway">Anyway</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="persons">persons</span> <span word="success">success</span> <span word="mainly">mainly</span> <span word="depends">depends</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="hard">hard</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="desirable">desirable</span> <span word="personalities">personalities</span>.</p>
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