英语六级写作的简单句变长难句
<p> 应试作文的评分标准尽管描述语言不同，但都可以分为内容、组织和语言三个方面，如果是应用文，还要看语域和格式。新四级作文的评分标准也不能脱离以上三大方面：内容按照题目提纲扩展即可；组织除了要注意段与段之间的连贯与衔接之外，还要特别注意考生最容易忽略的句与句之间的逻辑性；最难提高的是语言，即用词的丰富性和句子的复杂性。要拿到新四级写作高分，就必须在语言上有所起色，语言是绕不过去的一个心结，那么语言突破之路，到底在何方呢？答曰：简单句。 这是从广大考生的实际出发给出的回答。因为学了很多年的英语，大部分考生还是能够写出一些东西的，最起码能够写出一些英语的简单句吧。简单句包括<span word="S">S</span>+<span word="V">V</span>，<span word="S">S</span>+<span word="V">V</span>+<span word="O">O</span>， <span word="S">S</span>+<span word="V">V</span>+<span word="O">O</span>+<span word="O">O</span>，<span word="S">S</span>+<span word="V">V</span>+<span word="O">O</span>+<span word="C">C</span>， <span word="S">S</span>+<span word="V">V</span>+<span word="C">C</span>，复杂一些的句子无不是由这些简单句演变而来的。 用简单句写复杂思想 学了这么多年英语，为什么还不能写出好的句子？原因在于想得太复杂了。我们可以将要表达的汉语思想，全部说成简单的句子，而简单句，在写作时是考生可以掌控的。之后再将简单句加以润色、组合，使之登堂入室，夺取高分。 例如写这句话：大学生刚刚毕业就想立刻找到高薪的工作是不可能的。看到这样的汉语句子，一般我们的反应是要用<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="impossible">impossible</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="sb">sb</span>. <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>.. 这样的句型，然后想着往里填词：在<span word="sb">sb</span>. 的位置填上 刚刚毕业的大学生 ，在不定式的位置填上 找到高薪的工作 ，如：<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="impossible">impossible</span> <span word="for">for</span>刚刚毕业的大学生<span word="to">to</span>找到高薪的工作. 那么 刚刚毕业的大学生 怎么写？英语里面好像找不到一个表示 刚刚毕业的 形容词放在大学生前面，所以就要用定语从句，写成<span word="college">college</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="graduated">graduated</span>，如果<span word="graduated">graduated</span>不会写，先写成<span word="left">left</span>；然后怎么写 高薪的 ，英语里面也没有这样一个形容词放在<span word="jobs">jobs</span>的前面，所以用定语从句，写成<span word="to">to</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="jobs">jobs</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="money">money</span>。这样这个句子将写成：<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="impossible">impossible</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="college">college</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="graduated">graduated</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="jobs">jobs</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="money">money</span>. 这样将两个定语从句放在这个句型里面，实在是太容易犯错了。实际上，刚刚毕业的大学生可以写成：<span word="newly">newly</span>-<span word="graduated">graduated</span> <span word="students">students</span>, 而高薪的工作可以写成<span word="well">well</span>-<span word="paying">paying</span> <span word="jobs">jobs</span>, 将这两个短语放进去，成为：<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="impossible">impossible</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="newly">newly</span>-<span word="graduated">graduated</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="well">well</span>-<span word="paying">paying</span> <span word="jobs">jobs</span>，与上面的定语从句相比会获得更高的分数。不过试问，能写出这两个短语的有几人呢？ 我们能不能换一种思路，想得简单点，把上面一句话拆分成为四句： ①每年，都有很多大学生毕业。 ②他们都想找到工作。 ③这些工作可以给他们很多钱。 ④这是不可能的。 我相信这样的句子大部分考生很快就可以写出来： ①<span word="Every">Every</span> <span word="year">year</span>, <span word="many">many</span> <span word="college">college</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="graduate">graduate</span>. ②<span word="They">They</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="jobs">jobs</span>. ③<span word="These">These</span> <span word="jobs">jobs</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="money">money</span>. ④<span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="impossible">impossible</span>. 第一句话属于五种简单句中的主谓句，第二句是主谓宾，第三句是主谓间宾直宾，第四句是主系表。 下面我们看看能不能润色一下：第一句话我们将熟悉的<span word="many">many</span>改为<span word="heaps">heaps</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="heaps">heaps</span> <span word="of">of</span> ，这是换词；然后?：<span word="from">from</span> <span word="universities">universities</span>；又想到还有独立的学院，再加上<span word="and">and</span> <span word="institutes">institutes</span>。第一句话变成：<span word="Every">Every</span> <span word="year">year</span>, <span word="heaps">heaps</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="heaps">heaps</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="college">college</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="graduate">graduate</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="universities">universities</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="institutes">institutes</span>. 这句话这样一改，便成气候了。 第二句和第三句可以用定语从句连接起来，因为第三句的主语是第二句最后<span word="jobs">jobs</span>的重复，所以②＋③成为：<span word="They">They</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="jobs">jobs</span>，<span word="which">which</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="money">money</span>. 再润色，我们发现<span word="give">give</span>可以改为<span word="offer">offer</span>，<span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="money">money</span>可以改为<span word="handsome">handsome</span> <span word="salaries">salaries</span>。利用学过的语法知识我们可以让这个句子更加复杂，给定语从句中加一个插入语：<span word="they">they</span> <span word="hope">hope</span>，放在<span word="which">which</span>后面，这样这句话就成为：<span word="They">They</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="jobs">jobs</span>，<span word="which">which</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="hope">hope</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="offer">offer</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="handsome">handsome</span> <span word="salaries">salaries</span>. 第四句话也可以和前两句连在一起，这次不采用主从复合句，而采用并列句，因为意思发生转折，故用<span word="but">but</span>连接，而<span word="impossible">impossible</span>太绝对了，改为<span word="hardly">hardly</span> <span word="possible">possible</span>，于是成为：<span word="They">They</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="jobs">jobs</span>，<span word="which">which</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="hope">hope</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="offer">offer</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="hsalaries">hsalaries</span>，<span word="but">but</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="hardly">hardly</span> <span word="possible">possible</span>. 所以最初的那句话，经过拆解、加工形成了下面的一组句子：<span word="Every">Every</span> <span word="year">year</span>, <span word="heaps">heaps</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="heaps">heaps</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="college">college</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="graduate">graduate</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="universities">universities</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="institutes">institutes</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="jobs">jobs</span>，<span word="which">which</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="hope">hope</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="offer">offer</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="handsome">handsome</span> <span word="salaries">salaries</span>，<span word="but">but</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="hardly">hardly</span> <span word="possible">possible</span>. 上文总共32个词，与我们刚才认为很难达到的那个句子<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="impossible">impossible</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="newly">newly</span>-<span word="graduated">graduated</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="well">well</span>-<span word="paying">paying</span> <span word="jobs">jobs</span> 相比，气势上毫不逊色，但是哪一种写法更适合广大考生的情况呢？当然是从熟悉的东西着手改造更为可取，像<span word="newly">newly</span>-<span word="graduated">graduated</span>和 <span word="well">well</span>-<span word="paying">paying</span>这样的天外来客式的词组需要积累，或者自己有意去搜寻。再强调一下：上面这组句子是我们从简单句变过来的。这说明：简单句这只丑小鸭也可以变成白天鹅！这是对四级考生写作应试方面最大的启示！ 笔者坚定地认为，写好四级作文，切勿好高骛远，一下子就想写出来很复杂的句子可能会搞得遍体鳞伤。所以，要从可以掌控的东西出发，即将复杂的汉语思想分解成为简单句，或者说，学会想简单的句子，然后表达成为简单句，进而对之进行再加工，要么换词，要么连句，如此润色，写作可成矣！ </p>
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