支招大学英语四六级考试中如何猜词义
<p> 一、利用所出现生词的上下文与其意义上的联系或下文进一步的叙述，猜测词义。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="female">female</span> <span word="mosquito">mosquito</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="vampire">vampire</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="lives">lives</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="blood">blood</span>.如不知道<span word="vampire">vampire</span>的词义，从下文<span word="lives">lives</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="blood">blood</span>则可得知其词义为吸血昆虫。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="spectacles">spectacles</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="began">began</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="read">read</span>.如不知道<span word="spectacles">spectacles</span>的词义，从下文戴上<span word="spectacles">spectacles</span>后开始阅读可以猜得其词义眼镜。 二、利用文中的举例猜测词义例三：<span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="artists">artists</span> <span word="plan">plan</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="paintings">paintings</span> <span word="around">around</span> <span word="geometric">geometric</span> <span word="forms">forms</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="squares">squares</span>, <span word="circles">circles</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="triangles">triangles</span>.如不知道<span word="geometric">geometric</span> <span word="forms">forms</span>的意思，可从文中所列举的三角形，正方形、圆形来猜得其意义为几何图形。 <span word="Today">Today</span> <span word="young">young</span> <span word="couples">couples</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="starting">starting</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="households">households</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="spend">spend</span> <span word="lots">lots</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="money">money</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="appliances">appliances</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="instance">instance</span>, <span word="washing">washing</span> <span word="machines">machines</span>, <span word="refrigerators">refrigerators</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="color">color</span> <span word="televisions">televisions</span>.如不知道<span word="appliances">appliances</span>的意思，从文中的举例<span word="washing">washing</span>-<span word="machines">machines</span>，<span word="refrigerator">refrigerator</span>，<span word="televisions">televisions</span>可以猜得该词的意思为家用电器。 三、利用文中说明词义的同位词或定语等猜测词义例五：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="invention">invention</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="snorkel">snorkel</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="air">air</span> <span word="tube">tube</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="reaches">reaches</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="surface">surface</span>, <span word="has">has</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="possible">possible</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="submarines">submarines</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="diesel">diesel</span> <span word="engine">engine</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="submerged">submerged</span>.句中<span word="snorkel">snorkel</span>一词的意思，可通过其同位语<span word="a">a</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="air">air</span> <span word="tube">tube</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="reaches">reaches</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="surface">surface</span>来猜得。由此，我们可确定该词义为通气管。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="type">type</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="meter">meter</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="multimeter">multimeter</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="measure">measure</span> <span word="electricity">electricity</span>.通过定语从句<span word="which">which</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="measure">measure</span> <span word="electricity">electricity</span>，我们可将<span word="multimeter">multimeter</span>的词义确定为万用表。 <span word="They">They</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="night">night</span> <span word="shift">shift</span> - <span word="from">from</span> <span word="midnight">midnight</span> <span word="to">to</span> 6 <span word="a">a</span>. <span word="m">m</span>. - <span word="next">next</span> <span word="week">week</span>.由破折号之间的解释内容，我们可以了解到<span word="night">night</span> <span word="shift">shift</span>意思为夜班。 四、利用文章中所出现的、与某生词或词组意思相反的内容，猜测词义例八：<span word="American">American</span> <span word="businessmen">businessmen</span> <span word="expect">expect</span> <span word="employees">employees</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="punctual">punctual</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="expect">expect</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="workers">workers</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="late">late</span>.文中<span word="be">be</span> <span word="punctual">punctual</span>的意思，可理解为<span word="not">not</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="late">late</span>，即准时，不迟到。 <span word="Unlike">Unlike</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="gregarious">gregarious</span> <span word="sister">sister</span>, <span word="Jane">Jane</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="shy">shy</span> <span word="person">person</span>, <span word="who">who</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="parties">parties</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="friends">friends</span>.根据文中<span word="unlike">unlike</span>的意思，可将<span word="gregarious">gregarious</span>理解为与文中<span word="a">a</span> <span word="shy">shy</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="parties">parties</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="friends">friends</span>.相反的意思，即：表示好交际的。 五、利用文章中用不同的话对同一概念的解释，猜测词义。 <span word="Should">Should</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="government">government</span> <span word="regulate">regulate</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cost">cost</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="resources">resources</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="oil">oil</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="gas">gas</span>? <span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="believe">believe</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="government">government</span> <span word="control">control</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="solution">solution</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="problem">problem</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rising">rising</span> <span word="cost">cost</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="fuel">fuel</span>.文中<span word="regulate">regulate</span>的词义可猜测为与<span word="government">government</span> <span word="control">control</span>的意思相近。 <span word="One">One</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="predominant">predominant</span> <span word="concerns">concerns</span> <span word="today">today</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="future">future</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="natural">natural</span> <span word="resources">resources</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="issue">issue</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="greatest">greatest</span> <span word="importance">importance</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="becoming">becoming</span> <span word="clear">clear</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="present">present</span> <span word="resources">resources</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="forever">forever</span>.文中<span word="predominant">predominant</span>的词义可猜测为具有与<span word="of">of</span> <span word="greatest">greatest</span> <span word="importance">importance</span>相近的意思。 <span word="Cleaning">Cleaning</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="waterways">waterways</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="enormous">enormous</span> <span word="task">task</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="job">job</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="large">large</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="fact">fact</span>, <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="government">government</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="save">save</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rivers">rivers</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="lakes">lakes</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="polluted">polluted</span>.文中<span word="enormous">enormous</span>的词义可猜测为与<span word="so">so</span> <span word="large">large</span>的意思相近。 六、利用基本的构词方法，猜测词义。 <span word="They">They</span> <span word="overestimate">overestimate</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="interviewees">interviewees</span> <span word="ability">ability</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="asked">asked</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="difficult">difficult</span> <span word="questions">questions</span>.在<span word="overestimate">overestimate</span>词中<span word="over">over</span>-是前缀，意为过分。因此<span word="overestimate">overestimate</span>的词义可以猜测为过高估计的意思。 <span word="We">We</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="ours">ours</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="spacious">spacious</span> <span word="room">room</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="hotel">hotel</span>. <span word="That">That</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="why">why</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="pay">pay</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="it">it</span>. <span word="Spacious">Spacious</span>是由词根<span word="space">space</span>+<span word="ious">ious</span>构成。由此我们可以猜得其大概意思为有空间的，宽敞的。 然而，需要指出的是，不要花费太多的时间去试图猜出所有生词确切的意思，因为有的生词只能猜出大概的意思，有的生词则根本无法猜出其意思。一般来说，碰到一、两个不会的词，无关紧要。重要的是，要弄懂整篇文章表达了什么思想。在阅读理解中要求判断词语意义的问题，通常有下列形式： 1. <span word="According">According</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="author">author</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="word">word</span><span word="means">means</span> ___________ . 2. <span word="By">By</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="means">means</span> ___________ . 3. <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="nearestin">nearestin</span> <span word="meaning">meaning</span> <span word="to">to</span> ? 4. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="word">word</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passage">passage</span> <span word="means">means</span> ___________ . 5. <span word="is">is</span> ___________ . 6. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="word">word</span><span word="most">most</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="means">means</span> ___________ .</p>
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