名师指导英语四六级考试听力提高策略
<p> 考试中的听力理解部分历来是中国学生的薄弱环节。自四、六级改革后，听力部分所占比例由原来的20%升至35%，同时，最近又多所高校以机考形式试点，意味着听力能力的培养愈加重要起来。可以说听力的好坏直接影响四、六级考试成绩。因此，本文就5<span word="W">W</span>沟通基本原理在四、六级考试中的应用进行讲解分析，希望能够对考生英语听力测试成绩的提高有所帮助。 在讲解四、六级听力的过程中，我发现，其实真正在做听力题的时候，需要的英语知识只是一层外衣，有时内在逻辑能力更加重要。这一点和国外考试中的<span word="SAT">SAT</span>和<span word="GRE">GRE</span>中的句子填空题有点像，不同是，<span word="SAT">SAT</span>和<span word="GRE">GRE</span>的单词，不会就是不会，了解了逻辑单词全不会也没用。然而，四、六级听力中的单词对于学生来说相对简单，真正的难词比例非常小，故而，其实逻辑和思维能力更加重要。 四六级听力考试时，很多人没有办法听懂或听到所谓的关键词，或者无法把听到的内容连接成句子，怎么办?实际上，关键点在于，太过于关注听而忽略了听力考试的思维和传播本质。 听力作为一种能力讲，本身是一个传播的过程，信息的接收是一个重要的过程。远在1948年，拉斯维尔于题为《传播在社会中的结构与功能》一文中首次提出了构成传播过程的五种基本要素，即著名的5<span word="W">W</span>理论。这五个<span word="W">W</span>分别是英语中五个疑问代词的第一个字母，即： <span word="Who">Who</span> <span word="Says">Says</span> <span word="What">What</span> <span word="In">In</span> <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="Channel">Channel</span> <span word="To">To</span> <span word="Whom">Whom</span> <span word="With">With</span> <span word="What">What</span> <span word="Effect">Effect</span> 。 听力的过程也是传播的过程，这就意味着，在听的过程，我们也需要这样的思维经历。实际上，在听的过程完全可以遵循这个脉络，从<span word="who">who</span>入手，说话人中，重要的说话信息一般在第二说话人中，他说了什么，是我们做题的重点，即所谓的关键词。通过的途径一般有两种，<span word="conversation">conversation</span>与<span word="paragraph">paragraph</span>，<span word="to">to</span> <span word="whom">whom</span> 就是我们自己，而效果的考核就是我们题目。分析至此，可以发现，即使我们空缺中间<span word="say">say</span> <span word="what">what</span> 的过程，也可以得到至少四个过程，而最后一个过程效果分析，是可以通过四、六级考题出现的。所以，我们的听力考试实际上是逆向思维的过程，即了解了效果，通过效果推测原文，再将<span word="say">say</span> <span word="what">what</span> 过程补充出来。 例题1：<span word="CET">CET</span>-6,08年6月第14题： <span word="A">A</span>) <span word="The">The</span> <span word="errors">errors</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="corrected">corrected</span> <span word="soon">soon</span>. <span word="B">B</span>) <span word="The">The</span> <span word="woman">woman</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="mistaken">mistaken</span> <span word="herself">herself</span>. <span word="C">C</span>) <span word="The">The</span> <span word="computing">computing</span> <span word="system">system</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="complex">complex</span> <span word="D">D</span>) <span word="He">He</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="woman">woman</span> <span word="several">several</span> <span word="times">times</span>. 四个选项，分别告诉我们<span word="A">A</span>：这个错误很快会被纠正<span word="B">B</span>：这位女士自己错了<span word="C">C</span>：计算机体系太复杂<span word="D">D</span>：他给这位女士打了好几次电话。显而易见，最后一个选项是在叙述过程，只有前三个选项是结果，而这三个选项都透露了一个信息，就是原文一定提到了一个错误，<span word="B">B</span>、<span word="C">C</span> 在讨论错误点，而<span word="A">A</span>告诉了我们结果，我们的倾向选项应该是<span word="A">A</span>。 例题2：<span word="CET">CET</span>-6,05年1月第5题： <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="Janet">Janet</span> <span word="loves">loves</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="beautiful">beautiful</span> <span word="landscape">landscape</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Australia">Australia</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="much">much</span>. <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="Janet">Janet</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="interested">interested</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="architecture">architecture</span>. <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="Janet">Janet</span> <span word="admires">admires</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Sydney">Sydney</span> <span word="Opera">Opera</span> <span word="House">House</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="much">much</span>. <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="Janet">Janet</span> <span word="thinks">thinks</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="shame">shame</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="anyone">anyone</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="visit">visit</span> <span word="Australia">Australia</span>. 四个选项，<span word="A">A</span>：<span word="Janet">Janet</span>喜欢澳大利亚的美景;<span word="B">B</span>：<span word="Janet">Janet</span>对建筑感兴趣;<span word="C">C</span>：<span word="Janet">Janet</span>很向往悉尼歌剧院;<span word="D">D</span>：<span word="Janet">Janet</span>认为如果人们不去悉尼是一件遗憾的事、从选项中，我们很容易得知，这个对话中的主角是个叫<span word="Janet">Janet</span>的人，想要传达的信息是对悉尼的感受，那么真正表示结果的是<span word="A">A</span>、<span word="B">B</span>、<span word="C">C</span>三项，同时<span word="C">C</span>刚好是<span word="A">A</span>、<span word="B">B</span>的交集，故而倾向选<span word="C">C</span>。 例题3：看一个四级的例子，02年12月第10题： <span word="A">A</span>) <span word="She">She</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="tired">tired</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="driving">driving</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="heavy">heavy</span> <span word="traffic">traffic</span>. <span word="B">B</span>) <span word="She">She</span> <span word="doesnt">doesnt</span> <span word="mind">mind</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="road">road</span> <span word="conditions">conditions</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="good">good</span>. <span word="C">C</span>) <span word="She">She</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="unhappy">unhappy</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="drive">drive</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="day">day</span>. <span word="D">D</span>) <span word="She">She</span> <span word="enjoys">enjoys</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="shes">shes</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="driving">driving</span>. 马上能判断出来，对话针对的对象是<span word="she">she</span>，也是我们听题的重点，有了说话人信息，看看<span word="what">what</span>是关于什么的呢?<span word="A">A</span>：交通太堵，她不想开车;<span word="B">B</span>：由于路况不错，她觉得无所谓;<span word="C">C</span>：她很不爽是因为每天开车走很长的一段路;<span word="D">D</span>：她喜欢是因为她很擅长开车。在传播过程中，四个选项中，都在陈述一件事，就是她喜不喜欢开车这件事。<span word="A">A</span>、<span word="B">B</span>都与路况有关的，<span word="A">A</span>、<span word="C">C</span>在传达一种负情绪，而剩下两个选项是正情绪。这个时候，我们无法凭空猜一个答案，但是，却对这道题中涉及到的问题已然掌握得差不多了。这时再去听原文，正确率必然大大增加。 例题4：再看一个06年6月长对话的例子： 19. <span word="A">A</span>) <span word="To">To</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="business">business</span> <span word="report">report</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="woman">woman</span>. <span word="B">B</span>) <span word="To">To</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="interviewed">interviewed</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="job">job</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="womans">womans</span> <span word="company">company</span>. <span word="C">C</span>) <span word="To">To</span> <span word="resign">resign</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="position">position</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="womans">womans</span> <span word="company">company</span>. <span word="D">D</span>) <span word="To">To</span> <span word="exchange">exchange</span> <span word="stock">stock</span> <span word="market">market</span> <span word="information">information</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="woman">woman</span>. 20. <span word="A">A</span>) <span word="He">He</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="head">head</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="trading">trading</span> <span word="company">company</span>. <span word="B">B</span>) <span word="He">He</span> <span word="works">works</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="international">international</span> <span word="insurance">insurance</span> <span word="company">company</span>. <span word="C">C</span>) <span word="He">He</span> <span word="leads">leads</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="team">team</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="brokers">brokers</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="company">company</span>. <span word="D">D</span>) <span word="He">He</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="public">public</span> <span word="relations">relations</span> <span word="officer">officer</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="company">company</span>. 21. <span word="A">A</span>) <span word="The">The</span> <span word="woman">woman</span> <span word="thinks">thinks</span> <span word="Mr">Mr</span>. <span word="Saunders">Saunders</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="asking">asking</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="offer">offer</span>. <span word="B">B</span>) <span word="Mr">Mr</span>. <span word="Saunders">Saunders</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="share">share</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="third">third</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="womans">womans</span> <span word="responsibilities">responsibilities</span>. <span word="C">C</span>) <span word="Mr">Mr</span>. <span word="Saunders">Saunders</span> <span word="believes">believes</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="deserves">deserves</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="paid">paid</span> <span word="vacations">vacations</span>. <span word="D">D</span>) <span word="The">The</span> <span word="woman">woman</span> <span word="seems">seems</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="satisfied">satisfied</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="Mr">Mr</span>. <span word="Saunders">Saunders</span> <span word="past">past</span> <span word="experience">experience</span>. 我们看这三个选项，由第21题，能够大致推断<span word="Mr">Mr</span>. <span word="Saunders">Saunders</span>在应聘<span word="The">The</span> <span word="woman">woman</span>的公司的职位。 这样，19题即可得出<span word="B">B</span>这个正确选项，也就是有了传播的相应五元素，我们可以自由的思考，甚至在没有听原文的情况下就可以选择出正确的答案。 例题5： <span word="CET">CET</span>-4,04年6月的复合式听写： <span word="Today">Today</span>, <span word="three">three</span> <span word="buildings">buildings</span> <span word="hold">hold</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="librarys">librarys</span> <span word="collection">collection</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="buys">buys</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="books">books</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="gets">gets</span> <span word="others">others</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="gifts">gifts</span>. <span word="S">S</span>9空需要填写一个句子，那么由结果我们能轻松看出，前面讲的是三座大楼拥有这个图书馆的馆藏，<span word="S">S</span>9，图书馆一些书是买的，一些书是别人赠送的。结果传达的是一个重要信息，<span word="S">S</span>9需要的是和图书馆的书怎么样的内容，有了图书馆书的分布，有了图书馆书的来源，中间缺少的应该就是图书馆图书的去向问题，分析到这个地方，我们句子的主谓宾成分就全了，进而再分析，状语成分去到什么地方，文章通篇讨论美国国会图书馆，那么图书借书的目的地就比较丰富，可以是美国国会，可以是政府，也可以是其他美国图书馆和国外图书馆，这个句子就很好整理成： <span word="The">The</span> <span word="library">library</span> <span word="provides">provides</span> <span word="books">books</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="materials">materials</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="US">US</span> <span word="Congress">Congress</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="lends">lends</span> <span word="books">books</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="libraries">libraries</span>, <span word="government">government</span> <span word="agencies">agencies</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="foreign">foreign</span> <span word="libraries">libraries</span>.</p>
页:
[1]