写好英语句子的方法
<p> 一、代入法 这是进行英语写作时最常用的方法。同学们在掌握一定的词汇和短语之后，结合一定的语法知识，按照句子的结构特点，直接用英语代人相应的句式即可。如： 他从不承认自己的失败。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="never">never</span> <span word="admits">admits</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="failure">failure</span>. 那项比赛吸引了大批观众。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="match">match</span> <span word="attracted">attracted</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="crowd">crowd</span>. 他把蛋糕分成4块。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="divided">divided</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cake">cake</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="four">four</span> <span word="pieces">pieces</span>. 二、还原法 即把疑问句、强调句、倒装句等还原成基本结构。这是避免写错句子的一种有效的办法。如： 这是开往格拉斯哥的火车吗? <span word="Is">Is</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="train">train</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="Glasgow">Glasgow</span>? 还原为陈述句：<span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="train">train</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="Glasgow">Glasgow</span>. 他是因为爱我的钱才同我结了婚。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="loved">loved</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="money">money</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="married">married</span> <span word="me">me</span>. 还原为非强调句：<span word="Because">Because</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="loved">loved</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="money">money</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="married">married</span> <span word="me">me</span>. 光速很快，我们几乎没法想像它的速度。 <span word="So">So</span> <span word="fast">fast</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="light">light</span> <span word="travel">travel</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="hardly">hardly</span> <span word="imagine">imagine</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="speed">speed</span>. 还原为正常语序：<span word="Light">Light</span> <span word="travels">travels</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="fast">fast</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="hardly">hardly</span> <span word="imagine">imagine</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="speed">speed</span>. 三、分解法 就是把一个句子分成两个或两个以上的句子。这样既能把意思表达得更明了，又能减少写错句子的几率。如： 我们要干就要干好。 <span word="If">If</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="thing">thing</span>, <span word="we">we</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="well">well</span>. 从各地来的学生中有许多是北方人。 <span word="There">There</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="here">here</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="thecountry">thecountry</span>. <span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="North">North</span>. 四、合并法 就是把两个或两个以上的简单句用一个复合句或较复杂的简单句表达出来。这种方法最能体现学生的英语表达能力，同时也最能提高文章的可读性。如： 我们迷路了，这使我们的野营旅行变成了一次冒险。 <span word="Our">Our</span> <span word="camping">camping</span> <span word="trip">trip</span> <span word="turned">turned</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="adventure">adventure</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="lost">lost</span>. 天气转晴了，这是我们没有想到的。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="weather">weather</span> <span word="turned">turned</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="good">good</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="couldexpect">couldexpect</span>. 狼是高度群体化的动物，它们的成功依赖于合作。 <span word="Wolves">Wolves</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="highly">highly</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="animals">animals</span> <span word="whose">whose</span> <span word="success">success</span> <span word="depends">depends</span> <span word="upon">upon</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="coopera">coopera</span>-<span word="tion">tion</span>. 五、删减法 就是在写英语句子时，把相应汉语句子里的某些词、短语或重复的成分删掉或省略。如： 这部打字机真是价廉物美。 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="typewriter">typewriter</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="cheap">cheap</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="fine">fine</span> <span word="indeed">indeed</span>. 注：汉语表达中的价和物在英语中均无需译出。 个子不高不是人生中的严重缺陷。 <span word="Not">Not</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="tall">tall</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="serious">serious</span> <span word="disadvantage">disadvantage</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="life">life</span>， 注：汉语说个子不高，其实就是不高。也就是说，其中的个子在英语中无需译出。 六、移位法 由于英语和汉语在表达习惯上存在差异，根据表达的需要，某些成分需要前置或后移。如： 他发现赚点外快很容易。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="easy">easy</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="earn">earn</span> <span word="extra">extra</span> <span word="money">money</span>. 注：<span word="it">it</span>在此为形式宾语，真正的宾语是句末的不定式<span word="to">to</span> <span word="earn">earn</span> <span word="extra">extra</span> <span word="money">money</span>。 告诉我这事的人不肯告诉我他的名字。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="refused">refused</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="tell">tell</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="name">name</span>. 注：<span word="who">who</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="this">this</span>为修饰<span word="the">the</span> <span word="man">man</span>的定语从句，应置于其后。 直到我遇到你以后，我才真正体会到幸福。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="until">until</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="met">met</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="knew">knew</span> <span word="real">real</span> <span word="happiness">happiness</span>. 注：<span word="notuntil">notuntil</span>为英语中的固定句式，其意为直到才。 七、分析法 指根据要表示的汉语意思，通过进行语法分析和句式判断，然后写出准确地道的英语句子。如： 从这个角度看，问题并不像人们一般料想的那样严重。<span word="Seen">Seen</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="light">light</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="matter">matter</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="serious">serious</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="generally">generally</span> <span word="suppose">suppose</span>. 注：分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子主语一致，由于<span word="the">the</span> <span word="matter">matter</span>与<span word="sec">sec</span>之间为被动关系，故<span word="see">see</span>要用过去分词<span word="scen">scen</span>。 我没有见过他，所以说不出他的模样。 <span word="Not">Not</span> <span word="having">having</span> <span word="met">met</span> <span word="him">him</span>, <span word="I">I</span> <span word="cannot">cannot</span> <span word="tell">tell</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="like">like</span>. 注：如果分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前，且与逻辑主语是主动关系，则用现在分词的完成式。 八、意译法 有的同学在写句子时，一遇见生词或不熟悉的表达，就以为是山穷水尽了。其实，此时我们可以设法绕开难点，在保持原意的基础上，用不同的表达方式写出来。如： 汤姆一直在扰乱别的孩子，我就把他撵了出去。 <span word="Tom">Tom</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="upsetting">upsetting</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="otherchildren">otherchildren</span>, <span word="so">so</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="showed">showed</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="door">door</span>. 有志者事竟成。 <span word="Where">Where</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="will">will</span>, <span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="away">away</span>. 你可以同我们一起去或是呆在家中，悉听尊便。 <span word="You">You</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="stay">stay</span> <span word="athome">athome</span>, <span word="whichever">whichever</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="choose">choose</span>. 当然，在写句子时千万不要拿句子去套方法，也不要拿方法去套句子。处处留心皆学问。只要加强知识的积累，一定还会有更多更好的方法。 </p>
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