英语四级考试阅读选词填空技巧汇总
<p> 大学英语四级考试的阅读部分，除了传统的两篇仔细阅读和一篇快速阅读，还有一种让考生普遍头痛的考法：选词填空。 选词填空的考察形式是：一篇280词左右的文章，文章中挖出10个空，并统一给出<span word="A">A</span>-<span word="O">O</span>15个备选答案。 选词填空区别于完形填空，有更大的解题难度，原因在于： 1. 完形填空每题都是四选一，选词填空第一题要十五选一，就算用到排除法，最后一题也要六选一，而且在十五个选项中还有五个根本不会用到，难度加大; 2. 完形填空每题的四个选项都是统一的词性，只需要辨析词义、搭配就基本可以作答，而选词填空的十五个选项有多个词性，解题时需要同时判断词性和词义，难度加大; 3. 完形填空每题的四个选项往往都是统一时态，统一形式，而在选词填空中会涉及选项的动词时态、第三人称单数形式、被动主动语态，名词的单复数等的辨析，难度加大。 因此，针对选词填空的解题方法分为三步： 1. 预览选项，了解词义并把选项分为四大类词性：名词<span word="n">n</span>，动词<span word="v">v</span>，形容词<span word="a">a</span>，副词<span word="ad">ad</span>，在每个选项后作词性的简要标记; 2. 精读全文开头，把握文章主题，并以三个空或一个段落为一个单位，利用前后文判断每空的词性; 3. 把对应词性的选项逐一带回原文，含义通顺，时态、主谓搭配一致的为正确选项。 四级考试的常用后缀在判断选项词性时可以有一定帮助作用： 常见名词后缀： -<span word="sion">sion</span>，-<span word="tion">tion</span>，如：<span word="starvation">starvation</span>，<span word="attraction">attraction</span>，<span word="profession">profession</span> -<span word="ity">ity</span>，如：<span word="quality">quality</span>，<span word="diversity">diversity</span> 常见动词后缀： -<span word="ate">ate</span>，如：<span word="estimate">estimate</span>，<span word="generate">generate</span> -<span word="en">en</span>，如：<span word="widen">widen</span>，<span word="worsen">worsen</span> 常见形容词后缀： -<span word="able">able</span>，如：<span word="stable">stable</span>，<span word="affordable">affordable</span> -<span word="tive">tive</span>，-<span word="sive">sive</span>，如：<span word="destructive">destructive</span>，<span word="excessive">excessive</span> ，<span word="sensitive">sensitive</span> -<span word="ous">ous</span>，如：<span word="unconscious">unconscious</span>，<span word="enormous">enormous</span> 常见副词后缀： -<span word="ly">ly</span>，如：<span word="deliberately">deliberately</span>，<span word="completely">completely</span>，<span word="remarkably">remarkably</span>， 在根据前后文判断每空的词性时，一些经常考察的形式如下： 名词： 通常来说，冠词、形容词、介词后面搭配名词，即<span word="a">a</span>/<span word="an">an</span>/<span word="the">the</span>/<span word="adj">adj</span>./<span word="prep">prep</span>. + <span word="n">n</span>。，举例说明： <span word="Education">Education</span> <span word="soon">soon</span> <span word="became">became</span> <span word="a">a</span> _____. 冠词<span word="a">a</span>后面加可数名词的单数形式，正确答案是<span word="nightmare">nightmare</span>，这句话的意思是教育很快成了一种噩梦。 <span word="As">As</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="trade">trade</span> <span word="winds">winds</span> <span word="lessen">lessen</span> <span word="in">in</span> _____, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ocean">ocean</span> <span word="temperatures">temperatures</span> <span word="rise">rise</span> <span word="causing">causing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Peru">Peru</span> <span word="current">current</span> <span word="flowing">flowing</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="east">east</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="warm">warm</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="as">as</span> 5 <span word="degrees">degrees</span>. 介词<span word="in">in</span>后面加名词，正确答案是<span word="strength">strength</span>，这句话的意思是当信风强度减弱的时候，海洋温度上升，导致从东部流入的秘鲁洋流上升了5摄氏度之多。 较难的一个例子：<span word="Husbands">Husbands</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="jobs">jobs</span>, <span word="a">a</span> ____ <span word="that">that</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="changed">changed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="target">target</span> <span word="market">market</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="products">products</span>. 这里可以用两种判断方法来判断横线处所填词的词性。第一种方法，用句子结构来判断，前面一句话，<span word="husbands">husbands</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="jobs">jobs</span>，这是一个完整的句子，主语<span word="husbands">husbands</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="children">children</span>，谓语动词<span word="do">do</span>，宾语<span word="some">some</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="jobs">jobs</span>;后面的<span word="that">that</span>引导的是一个同位语从句，它所修饰的中心词就是<span word="a">a</span>后面需要填的词，而定语从句的中心词是名词，所以横线处应填一个名词。第二种方法，根据刚才所说的<span word="a">a</span> + 名词的语法规则来判断，横线处应该填一个名词，而且是一个可数名词的单数形式。正确答案是<span word="situation">situation</span>。这句话的意思是丈夫和孩子现在也做一些这样的工作了，这种情况就改变了许多产品的目标市场。 动词： 动词的考点很多，我们来看其中三种： 1. 主语后缺谓语动词。 举例说明： <span word="He">He</span> ____ <span word="from">from</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="teachers">teachers</span>, <span word="came">came</span> <span word="home">home</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="tears">tears</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="thought">thought</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="dropping">dropping</span> <span word="out">out</span>. 在这句话里，主语是<span word="he">he</span>，本来后面应该有一个动词作谓语，但是这里没有动词，而是在横线后面出现了一个介词短语<span word="from">from</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="teachers">teachers</span>，这样这句话就缺少谓语动词，所以横线上应该填一个动词。正确答案是<span word="hid">hid</span>，这句话的意思是他不愿见老师，哭着回家，想要退学。 <span word="Thats">Thats</span> <span word="why">why</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="growing">growing</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="hospitals">hospitals</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="depend">depend</span> <span word="upon">upon</span> <span word="physicians">physicians</span> <span word="who">who</span> ___ <span word="in">in</span> <span word="pain">pain</span> <span word="medicine">medicine</span>. 在这句话里，<span word="who">who</span>___ <span word="in">in</span> <span word="pain">pain</span> <span word="medicine">medicine</span>是<span word="physicians">physicians</span>的定语从句，这个定语从句的主语是<span word="who">who</span>，后面也没有跟动词作谓语，而是直接出现了一个介词短语<span word="in">in</span> <span word="pain">pain</span> <span word="medicine">medicine</span>，因此横线上应该填一个动词，而<span word="physicians">physicians</span>是复数，这就决定了<span word="who">who</span>也是复数，这样横线所填的动词应该与主语性数搭配一致。正确答案是<span word="specialize">specialize</span>，这句话的意思是这就是为什么，越来越多的医院现在都依赖上了止痛药配给专家。 2. 当出现一个完整的句子 + ，____ + 名词/介词的结构时，逗号后边的部分是伴随状语，表示伴随状态或者表示原因，应当填动词加<span word="ing">ing</span>形式或动词加<span word="ed">ed</span>形式。当这个动词与句子主语是主动关系，填动词加<span word="ing">ing</span>形式，当两者是被动关系，填动词加<span word="ed">ed</span>形式。 举例说明： <span word="The">The</span> <span word="rainfall">rainfall</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="increased">increased</span> <span word="across">across</span> <span word="South">South</span> <span word="America">America</span>, ___ <span word="floods">floods</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Peru">Peru</span>. 根据独立主格结构原则，应该填动词<span word="ing">ing</span>或动词<span word="ed">ed</span>，选项中只有<span word="bringing">bringing</span>符合要求。从意思来看，<span word="bring">bring</span>带来与<span word="rainfall">rainfall</span>降雨之间是主动关系，即<span word="the">the</span> <span word="rainfall">rainfall</span> <span word="brings">brings</span> <span word="floods">floods</span>，所以用<span word="bringing">bringing</span>无论从意思上还是结构上都符合要求。 3. 横线处如果填谓语动词，往往与上下半句的谓语动词时态一致。 举例说明： <span word="In">In</span> <span word="particular">particular</span>, <span word="when">when</span> <span word="older">older</span> <span word="patients">patients</span> ___ <span word="of">of</span> <span word="pain">pain</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="natural">natural</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="aging">aging</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="live">live</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="it">it</span>. 上半句<span word="when">when</span>的从句里有主语<span word="patients">patients</span>但没有谓语，因此横线处填谓语动词。下半句的谓语动词为<span word="were">were</span>和<span word="would">would</span>都是一般过去时，因此横线里填一个一般过去时的谓语动词。正确答案是<span word="complained">complained</span>。 形容词： 当出现<span word="a">a</span>/<span word="the">the</span>/<span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span>/<span word="more">more</span> +___+名词的结构时，横线处通常填形容词 举例说明： <span word="The">The</span> 1982-83 <span word="EI">EI</span> <span word="Nino">Nino</span> <span word="brought">brought</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> _____ <span word="weather">weather</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="modern">modern</span> <span word="history">history</span>. <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span>后面加形容词，表示形容词的最高级。正确答案是<span word="destructive">destructive</span>。 副词： 1. 当一句话完整的时候，句尾的空往往是副词。 举例说明： <span word="Today">Today</span>, <span word="we">we</span> <span word="lake">lake</span> <span word="pain">pain</span> _____. 这句话有主语<span word="we">we</span>，谓语<span word="lake">lake</span>，宾语<span word="pain">pain</span>，表达完整的意思，句尾判断应该填副词。正确答案是<span word="seriously">seriously</span>。 2. 当一句话出现主语 + ___ + 谓语的情况时，横线处通常填副词。 举例说明： <span word="In">In</span> <span word="Arizona">Arizona</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Texas">Texas</span>, <span word="bilingual">bilingual</span> <span word="students">students</span> ____ <span word="outperform">outperform</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="peers">peers</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="monolingual">monolingual</span> <span word="programs">programs</span>。主语是<span word="students">students</span>，谓语是<span word="outperform">outperform</span>，两者之间通常填副词。正确答案是<span word="consistently">consistently</span>。 记背选词填空选项的重点范围： 1. 历年曾经考过的复合式听写的单词 2. 历年曾经考过的完形填空的选项，仔细阅读态度题的选项 3. 历年曾经考过的真题中的高频词汇 </p>
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