简单地让你了解句子结构少点困惑
<p> 我看了后，解惑不少，希望能对你有帮助，它比较简单。可能只起一个构建概念的作用： 句子成分： 主语：一般位于句首，通常为名词或代词。 谓语：表明主语的动作或者状态之成分，英语中都用动词充当。 宾语：谓语动词所涉及的对象。通常为名词或代词。 定语：修饰限定名词成分的部分，大多修饰主语和宾语。通常为形容词。 状语：修饰谓语或整个句子，表明地点，时间，状态，程度等。通常为副词。 表语：位于联系动词之后，表示主语的状态，特征之成分。 补语：对主语或宾语起到补充说明作用的成分，一般主动语态中为宾语补语，被动语态中为主语补语。 同位语：即汉语中的复指成分，主语和宾语才有，名词性成分。 名词性从句：皆为三种类型：<span word="that">that</span>, <span word="whether">whether</span>/<span word="if">if</span>, 特殊疑问词引导。 1. 主语从句：句子的主语是由一个句子充当。 2. 表语从句，表语为一个句子。 3. 宾语从句，宾语为一个句子。 定语从句：限定性定语从句，非限定性定语从句。 限定性定语从句：修饰限定先行词，不可或缺。<span word="that">that</span>修饰人或物，<span word="which">which</span>修饰物，<span word="who">who</span>修饰人。与先行词之间没有逗号隔开。 非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，或对整个主句进行补充说明。用逗号与主句隔开。不能使用<span word="that">that</span>引导。 要点：关系词主要由先行词在从句中所充当的成分决定。 状语从句 时间状语从句：从句用一般现在时表示将来。<span word="When">When</span>, <span word="while">while</span>, <span word="since">since</span>, <span word="as">as</span>, <span word="until">until</span>，<span word="after">after</span>, <span word="before">before</span>等引导。 条件状语从句：从句用一般现在时表示将来。<span word="If">If</span>，<span word="unless">unless</span>，<span word="as">as</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="as">as</span>等引导。 原因状语从句：<span word="because">because</span>, <span word="since">since</span>, <span word="now">now</span> <span word="that">that</span>, <span word="as">as</span>引导。 目的状语从句：<span word="so">so</span> <span word="that">that</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="order">order</span> <span word="that">that</span>引导。 结果状语从句： 方式状语从句：<span word="as">as</span> <span word="if">if</span>, <span word="than">than</span>, <span word="asas">asas</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="though">though</span>引导。 让步状语从句：<span word="though">though</span>, <span word="although">although</span>, <span word="as">as</span>，<span word="even">even</span> <span word="if">if</span>, <span word="even">even</span> <span word="though">though</span>, <span word="no">no</span> <span word="matter">matter</span>等引导。 地点状语从句：<span word="where">where</span>, <span word="wherever">wherever</span>引导。 及与短语间的转换： 1.与不定式互换： <span word="I">I</span> <span word="dont">dont</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span>. <span word="Where">Where</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="decided">decided</span>. 2.与分词互换： <span word="Having">Having</span> <span word="finished">finished</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="book">book</span>, <span word="I">I</span> <span word="went">went</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="bed">bed</span>. <span word="Seen">Seen</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="hill">hill</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="park">park</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="beautiful">beautiful</span>. <span word="Weather">Weather</span> <span word="permitting">permitting</span>, <span word="I">I</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span> 被动表达的特殊形式： 1. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="sells">sells</span> <span word="well">well</span>.这书很畅销。 2. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="play">play</span> <span word="reads">reads</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="acts">acts</span>.这剧本上演不如阅读有趣。 3. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="door">door</span> <span word="wont">wont</span> <span word="shut">shut</span>.这门关不上。 4. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="kind">kind</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="cloth">cloth</span> <span word="washes">washes</span> <span word="well">well</span>.这种布很经洗。 5. <span word="Your">Your</span> <span word="pen">pen</span> <span word="writes">writes</span> <span word="quite">quite</span> <span word="smoothly">smoothly</span>.你的钢笔写起来很流畅。 6. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="piece">piece</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="meat">meat</span> <span word="cuts">cuts</span> <span word="well">well</span>.这块肉很好切。 7. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="match">match</span> <span word="wouldnt">wouldnt</span> <span word="strike">strike</span>.这火柴擦不着。 8. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="door">door</span> <span word="cant">cant</span> <span word="open">open</span> <span word="easily">easily</span>.这门不好开。 9. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="safe">safe</span> <span word="doesnt">doesnt</span> <span word="lock">lock</span>.保险柜锁不住。 10. <span word="All">All</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="figures">figures</span> <span word="add">add</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="correctly">correctly</span>.所有数字加起来正确。 11. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="stuff">stuff</span> <span word="wears">wears</span> <span word="long">long</span>.这种料子很经穿。 12. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="poems">poems</span> <span word="dont">dont</span> <span word="translate">translate</span> <span word="well">well</span>.这些诗不好翻译。 13. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="performance">performance</span> <span word="finished">finished</span> <span word="at">at</span> 7.表演七点结束。 14. <span word="Her">Her</span> <span word="dress">dress</span> <span word="caught">caught</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="nail">nail</span>.她的衣服被钉子挂住了。 15. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="water">water</span> <span word="feels">feels</span> <span word="cold">cold</span>.水摸起来很凉。 16. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="milk">milk</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="burnt">burnt</span>.牛奶煮糊了。 17. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="material">material</span> <span word="tears">tears</span> <span word="easily">easily</span>.这种料子很容易撕破。 18. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="text">text</span> <span word="teaches">teaches</span> <span word="well">well</span>.这篇课文很好教。 19. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="doesnt">doesnt</span> <span word="count">count</span>.这个不能算。 20. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="house">house</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="let">let</span> <span word="easily">easily</span>.这房子容易出租。 21. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="dress">dress</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="front">front</span>.这衣服是在前面扣扣子。 22. <span word="These">These</span> <span word="wares">wares</span> <span word="clean">clean</span> <span word="easily">easily</span>.这些器皿好洗。 23. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="ad">ad</span> <span word="caught">caught</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="eye">eye</span>.那则广告引起了我的注意。 24. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="door">door</span> <span word="fooled">fooled</span> <span word="me">me</span>.我不小心撞门上了。 25. <span word="My">My</span> <span word="teeth">teeth</span> <span word="cheated">cheated</span> <span word="me">me</span>.我咬到沙子了。（吃米饭常见现象） 26. <span word="She">She</span> <span word="cheated">cheated</span> <span word="death">death</span>.她死里逃生。 27. <span word="She">She</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="photographs">photographs</span> <span word="badly">badly</span>.它总是不上相。 <span word="Go">Go</span>, <span word="come">come</span>, <span word="remain">remain</span>后跟否定前缀的过去分词，表被动。 28. <span word="Our">Our</span> <span word="complaints">complaints</span> <span word="went">went</span> <span word="unnoticed">unnoticed</span>.我们的投诉没有引起重视。 29. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="boundary">boundary</span> <span word="problems">problems</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="remain">remain</span> <span word="unsettled">unsettled</span>.边境问题仍未解 决。 30. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="flap">flap</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="envelope">envelope</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="unstuck">unstuck</span>.信封的封口脱胶散开了。 有些形容词后的不定式的主动形式表被动。 31. <span word="John">John</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="easy">easy</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="deceive">deceive</span>. 32. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="question">question</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="hard">hard</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="answer">answer</span>. 33. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="house">house</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="difficult">difficult</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="find">find</span>. 34. <span word="Decaying">Decaying</span> <span word="food">food</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="eat">eat</span>. 35. <span word="These">These</span> <span word="shoes">shoes</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="fit">fit</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="wear">wear</span>. 36. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="hot">hot</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="eat">eat</span>. 不定式作定语，主动表被动。 37. <span word="There">There</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="problems">problems</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="deal">deal</span> <span word="with">with</span>. 38. <span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span>. 39. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="thing">thing</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="consider">consider</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="food">food</span>. 其他一些特殊的被动表示法： 1. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="flowers">flowers</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="watering">watering</span>. 2. <span word="These">These</span> <span word="boxes">boxes</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="repairing">repairing</span>. 3. <span word="His">His</span> <span word="suggestion">suggestion</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="worth">worth</span> <span word="considering">considering</span>. 4. <span word="Paris">Paris</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="worth">worth</span> <span word="visiting">visiting</span>. 5. <span word="She">She</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="beyond">beyond</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="control">control</span>. 6. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="matter">matter</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="under">under</span> <span word="consideration">consideration</span>. 7. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="building">building</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="under">under</span> <span word="construction">construction</span>. 8. <span word="That">That</span> <span word="textbook">textbook</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="longer">longer</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="use">use</span>. 9. <span word="John">John</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="trial">trial</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="murder">murder</span>.因谋杀受审。 10. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="method">method</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="use">use</span>. 11. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="robbery">robbery</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="light">light</span> <span word="until">until</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="day">day</span>. 12. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="party">party</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="existence">existence</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1854. 用所有格和物主代词表示被动含义： 1. <span word="Hitlers">Hitlers</span> <span word="complete">complete</span> <span word="defeat">defeat</span> <span word="brought">brought</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="war">war</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="end">end</span>. 2. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="boys">boys</span> <span word="punishment">punishment</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="fine">fine</span>.罚款。 3. <span word="After">After</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="release">release</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="prison">prison</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="home">home</span>. 4. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="aid">aid</span>.来帮我们。 5. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="planes">planes</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="rescue">rescue</span>.来援救我们。 6. <span word="We">We</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="grateful">grateful</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="coming">coming</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="support">support</span>.来支持我们。 7. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="defense">defense</span>.来为我辩护。 8. <span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="blame">blame</span>.我该受责备。 9. <span word="Nobody">Nobody</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="blame">blame</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="it">it</span>.这是谁也不怪。 10. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="yet">yet</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="seek">seek</span>.还得找一种更好的办法。 否定： 1. <span word="Im">Im</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="job">job</span>. 2. <span word="She">She</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="beautiful">beautiful</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="words">words</span>. 3. <span word="Its">Its</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="last">last</span>. 4. <span word="Its">Its</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="true">true</span>. 注：<span word="But">But</span>, <span word="all">all</span>, <span word="only">only</span> 用于<span word="too">too</span>前，是加强语气。如： <span word="I">I</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="pleased">pleased</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="you">you</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="glad">glad</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="so">so</span>. <span word="We">We</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="satisfied">satisfied</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="it">it</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="film">film</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="miss">miss</span>. 5. <span word="She">She</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="accept">accept</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="bribe">bribe</span>.受贿。 6. <span word="As">As</span> <span word="ifI">ifI</span> <span word="cared">cared</span>! 我才不在乎呢！ 7. <span word="As">As</span> <span word="ifanyone">ifanyone</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="believe">believe</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="story">story</span>! 没人信那一套！ 8. <span word="As">As</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="it">it</span>! 她才不会做那事呢！ 9. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="anything">anything</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="hero">hero</span>.它根本不是英雄。 10. <span word="Hes">Hes</span> <span word="anything">anything</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="polite">polite</span>.她一点礼貌也没有。 11. <span word="That">That</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="do">do</span>.我干不了。 12. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="bear">bear</span>.我忍无可忍了。 13. <span word="You">You</span> <span word="speak">speak</span> <span word="faster">faster</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="follow">follow</span>. 14. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="brave">brave</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="wise">wise</span>.他有勇无谋。 15. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="shy">shy</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="unsocial">unsocial</span>.与其说他孤僻不如说他腼腆。 16. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="dictionary">dictionary</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="grammar">grammar</span>.这本书是字典而不是语法 书。 17. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="run">run</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="walked">walked</span>.他与其说是在走不如说是在跑。 比较级+<span word="than">than</span>+<span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> 18. <span word="Im">Im</span> <span word="wiser">wiser</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="believe">believe</span> <span word="that">that</span>.我很明智，绝不会相信这种事。 19. <span word="You">You</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="command">command</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="French">French</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="mistakes">mistakes</span>.你法语那么好，决不该犯这种错误。 20. <span word="I">I</span> <span word="prefer">prefer</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="walk">walk</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="bus">bus</span>.我宁愿走去也不坐车。 21. <span word="She">She</span> <span word="prefers">prefers</span> <span word="city">city</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="countryside">countryside</span>.她喜欢城里而不是乡下。 22. <span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="die">die</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="surrender">surrender</span>.我宁死也不投降。 23. <span word="His">His</span> <span word="taste">taste</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="quite">quite</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="mine">mine</span>.他的品味和我的完全不同。 24. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="truth">truth</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="quite">quite</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="think">think</span>.事实真相与你想的完全不同。 25. <span word="She">She</span> <span word="arrived">arrived</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="expected">expected</span>.我没料到她来这么早。 26. <span word="Before">Before</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="say">say</span> <span word="thanks">thanks</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="left">left</span>.我还没来得及说谢谢，他就走了。 <span word="few">few</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="little">little</span>在句中： 27. <span word="Few">Few</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="good">good</span>.他们没几个好人。 28. <span word="Few">Few</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="live">live</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> 100.很少有人活到100岁。 29. <span word="I">I</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="German">German</span>.我不太懂德语。 30. <span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="left">left</span>.没剩下多少时间了。</p>
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