英语六级前夕献真言
<p> （一） 听力题型分析 ａ节（<span word="section">section</span> ａ） 1、 问题类型 ａ节每组对话一般是在一男一女之间进行的一问一答。问题一般由先讲话的人提出。题目均以问句形式出现，其中多数是特殊疑问句。这些问题涉及的内容大致归纳如下： ａ、多用来问以下内容： １） 问是什么、要什么、讨论什么、什么种类等，如： <span word="what">what</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mans">mans</span> <span word="answer">answer</span>? <span word="what">what</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="woman">woman</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="lunch">lunch</span>? <span word="what">what</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="talking">talking</span> <span word="about">about</span>? <span word="what">what</span> <span word="kind">kind</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="books">books</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="borrow">borrow</span>? ２） 问做什么，如： <span word="what">what</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="woman">woman</span> <span word="tell">tell</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="first">first</span>? <span word="what">what</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="speakers">speakers</span> <span word="doing">doing</span> <span word="now">now</span>? <span word="what">what</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="happen">happen</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="john">john</span> <span word="fails">fails</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="exam">exam</span>? ３） 问什么含义，如： <span word="what">what</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="mean">mean</span> ? <span word="what">what</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="womans">womans</span> <span word="answer">answer</span> <span word="suggest">suggest</span>? ４） 问从对话中能获得什么信息或结论，如： <span word="what">what</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="conversation">conversation</span>? <span word="what">what</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="concluded">concluded</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="conversation">conversation</span>? ５） 问对某人或某事有什么看法，如： <span word="what">what</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="miss">miss</span> <span word="brown">brown</span>? <span word="what">what</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="woman">woman</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="plan">plan</span>? 2、ａ节中用提出的问题主要问对话可能是在什么场所发生的，即： <span word="where">where</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="conversation">conversation</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="probably">probably</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="place">place</span>? <span word="where">where</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="conversation">conversation</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="occur">occur</span>? <span word="where">where</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="woman">woman</span>? 3、可能问以下几个方面的情况： １） 问钟点（可用替换），如： <span word="man">man</span> : <span word="what">what</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="yesterdays">yesterdays</span> <span word="football">football</span> <span word="match">match</span> <span word="start">start</span>? <span word="woman">woman</span> : <span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="supposed">supposed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="start">start</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="quarter">quarter</span> <span word="to">to</span> 7, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="delayed">delayed</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="hour">hour</span>. <span word="question">question</span>: <span word="when">when</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="game">game</span> <span word="finally">finally</span> <span word="start">start</span>? ２） 问在哪个星期或星期几（后者可用替换），如： <span word="w">w</span>: <span word="i">i</span> <span word="thought">thought</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="town">town</span> <span word="now">now</span>. <span word="i">i</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="shopping">shopping</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span>. <span word="m">m</span>: <span word="dont">dont</span> <span word="spend">spend</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="much">much</span>, <span word="i">i</span> <span word="wont">wont</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="paid">paid</span> <span word="until">until</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="week">week</span>. <span word="q">q</span>: <span word="when">when</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="paid">paid</span>? ３） 问日期，如： <span word="when">when</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="winter">winter</span> <span word="vacation">vacation</span> <span word="begin">begin</span>? 4、用提问的问题可以问原因，也可以问目的，如： <span word="why">why</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="late">late</span>? <span word="why">why</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="repair">repair</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="car">car</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="himself">himself</span>? 5、可能问对话者某一方的身份、对话人之间的关系或对话中涉及到的其他人的情况，如： <span word="w">w</span>: <span word="may">may</span> <span word="i">i</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="you">you</span> ,<span word="sir">sir</span>? <span word="m">m</span>: <span word="i">i</span> <span word="hope">hope</span> <span word="so">so</span>. <span word="its">its</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="watch">watch</span>. <span word="i">i</span> <span word="brought">brought</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="repaired">repaired</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="ive">ive</span> <span word="lost">lost</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="receipt">receipt</span>. <span word="q">q</span>: <span word="who">who</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="man">man</span>? 6、主要针对以下内容提问： １） 问做某事的方式、方法或使用的交通工具，如： <span word="how">how</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span> <span word="usually">usually</span> <span word="begin">begin</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="class">class</span>? <span word="how">how</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="usually">usually</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="work">work</span>? ２） 问对某事的感受如何，如： <span word="how">how</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="feel">feel</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="movie">movie</span>? <span word="how">how</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="film">film</span>? 7、问多少，属于涉及数字的题，可能有以下几种形式： <span word="how">how</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="persons">persons</span> ...? <span word="how">how</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="dozens">dozens</span> <span word="of">of</span> ... <span word="does">does</span> ... <span word="want">want</span>? <span word="how">how</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="does">does</span> ...? <span word="how">how</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="is">is</span> ...? <span word="how">how</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="take">take</span> ... <span word="to">to</span> ...? ａ节的问句根据疑问词划分，大致可以归为以上七类。ａ节中偶尔也有个别一般疑问句。但也可能出现其它类型的问句，（如以<span word="whom">whom</span>,<span word="whose">whose</span>,<span word="which">which</span>提问），或针对以上未归纳的内容进行提问。 （二） 对话内容分类 若按对话内容分类，则可分为以下几种类型： ａ、时间类：包括直接型和计算型。如： <span word="w">w</span>: <span word="your">your</span> <span word="library">library</span> <span word="books">books</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="due">due</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="december">december</span> 13<span word="th">th</span>. <span word="if">if</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="finished">finished</span> <span word="using">using</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="then">then</span>, <span word="you">you</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="renew">renew</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="once">once</span>. <span word="m">m</span>: <span word="thank">thank</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="much">much</span> . <span word="i">i</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="days">days</span>. <span word="q">q</span>: <span word="when">when</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="return">return</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="books">books</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="library">library</span>? ｂ、数字类：包括直接型和计算型。如： <span word="w">w</span>: <span word="do">do</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="live">live</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="college">college</span> <span word="dormitory">dormitory</span>? <span word="m">m</span>: <span word="yes">yes</span>, <span word="i">i</span> <span word="do">do</span>. <span word="its">its</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="six">six</span>－<span word="man">man</span> <span word="suite">suite</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="moment">moment</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="four">four</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="live">live</span> <span word="there">there</span>. <span word="q">q</span>: <span word="how">how</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="share">share</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="suite">suite</span> <span word="now">now</span>? ｃ、地点类：包括直接型和含蓄型。如： <span word="m">m</span>: <span word="i">i</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="cash">cash</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="check">check</span>? <span word="w">w</span>: <span word="will">will</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="step">step</span> <span word="right">right</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="tellers">tellers</span> <span word="window">window</span>, <span word="please">please</span>? <span word="q">q</span>: <span word="where">where</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="conversation">conversation</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="probably">probably</span> <span word="taking">taking</span> <span word="place">place</span>? ｄ、否定类： 此类对话既可以含有<span word="not">not</span>,<span word="no">no</span>,<span word="neither">neither</span>,<span word="nor">nor</span>等否定词，也有 <span word="but">but</span>,<span word="although">although</span>等转折词，或由<span word="would">would</span> <span word="rather">rather</span>,<span word="too">too</span>...<span word="to">to</span>结构及虚拟语气等表达。因此，对于后者要特别加以注意。如： <span word="m">m</span>: <span word="ann">ann</span>, <span word="do">do</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="extra">extra</span> <span word="money">money</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="loan">loan</span> <span word="me">me</span>? <span word="w">w</span>: <span word="i">i</span> <span word="wish">wish</span> <span word="i">i</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="you">you</span>. <span word="i">i</span> <span word="went">went</span> <span word="shopping">shopping</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>. <span word="now">now</span> <span word="i">i</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="dollars">dollars</span> <span word="till">till</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="end">end</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="week">week</span>. <span word="q">q</span>: <span word="will">will</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="borrow">borrow</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="money">money</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="woman">woman</span>? 此题的答案肯定是<span word="no">no</span>。听这段话时要抓住<span word="i">i</span> <span word="wish">wish</span> <span word="i">i</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="you">you</span>.这一关键话语。这句话虽然从表面上看是肯定式，但却隐含着<span word="im">im</span> <span word="sorry">sorry</span> <span word="i">i</span> <span word="cant">cant</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="you">you</span>.的意思。 ｅ、人物类： 包括人物关系、人物身份两类。此类对话提供一个情节，能反映所涉及的人的关系或身份。如： <span word="m">m</span>: <span word="good">good</span> <span word="evening">evening</span>, <span word="madam">madam</span>. <span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="table">table</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="there">there</span>. <span word="this">this</span> <span word="way">way</span>, <span word="please">please</span>. <span word="w">w</span>: <span word="thank">thank</span> <span word="you">you</span>. <span word="could">could</span> <span word="i">i</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="menu">menu</span>, <span word="please">please</span>? <span word="q">q</span>: <span word="whats">whats</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="relationship">relationship</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="woman">woman</span>? <span word="a">a</span>) <span word="husband">husband</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="wife">wife</span>. <span word="b">b</span>) <span word="waiter">waiter</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="customer">customer</span>. <span word="c">c</span>) <span word="salesman">salesman</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="customer">customer</span>. <span word="d">d</span>) <span word="host">host</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="guest">guest</span>. ｆ、活动类： 这一类谈话内容可涉及上课、娱乐、工作、日常生活等各种 情况。如： <span word="w">w</span>: <span word="are">are</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="york">york</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="weekend">weekend</span>? <span word="m">m</span>: <span word="yes">yes</span>, <span word="im">im</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="look">look</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="bill">bill</span> <span word="while">while</span> <span word="im">im</span> <span word="there">there</span>. <span word="q">q</span>: <span word="whats">whats</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span>? 这类对话中往往先后出现几种情况，要注意听问句是什么，然后再作出选择。 （三）几种常见的解题方法 ａ节中的对话虽然简短，但多数情况下，往往不能从听到的内容中找到与选择项内容完全相同的部分，即对话中一般没有现成的答案。因此，在听的时候要注意抓住选择项的同义或反义词（组）用辨别法答题（解活动类多用此方法），或根据对话内容采用归纳、推论或辨别的方法回答。用这种方法答题，类型不仅仅限于诸如<span word="what">what</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="mean">mean</span>?这样的题目，其它如含蓄人物类、人物身份类、含蓄地点类、否定类题目也与此类似。如： <span word="w">w</span>: <span word="how">how</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="play">play</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="saw">saw</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="night">night</span>? <span word="m">m</span>: <span word="well">well</span>, <span word="i">i</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="stayed">stayed</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="home">home</span>. <span word="q">q</span>: <span word="what">what</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="play">play</span>? <span word="a">a</span>) <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="exciting">exciting</span>. <span word="b">b</span>) <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="boring">boring</span>. <span word="c">c</span>) <span word="he">he</span> <span word="didnt">didnt</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="play">play</span>. <span word="d">d</span>) <span word="he">he</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="much">much</span>. 对话中<span word="i">i</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="stayed">stayed</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="home">home</span>.（我真该待在家里），这句话已婉转地表明他不喜欢这出戏，而对没有待在家里表示遗憾、后悔（<span word="should">should</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="something">something</span>这种结构可用来表示对应该发生而实际上没有发生的事情表示遗憾、后悔或谴责）。能使他产生此感想的原因自然是<span word="the">the</span> <span word="play">play</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="boring">boring</span>.（演出令人厌烦），因而ｂ是正确的答案。否定类题目多含有虚拟语气、语气否定、暗示比喻、强化意见等形式。这一节属于此数字类题目的对话中，多出现两处，甚至三、四处数字或时间，因此，除了用辨别方法外，有时必须用计算方法才能得出正确答案. （四） 四六级英语写作类型 1． 体裁：说明文，议论文 最近几年的四六级作文的体裁以说明文和议论文为主。说明文如：<span word="how">how</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="succeed">succeed</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="job">job</span> <span word="interview">interview</span> （2000，12，四级）, <span word="how">how</span> <span word="i">i</span> <span word="finance">finance</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="college">college</span> <span word="education">education</span>（2000，1 四级）, <span word="practice">practice</span> <span word="makes">makes</span> <span word="perfect">perfect</span>， <span word="haste">haste</span> <span word="makes">makes</span> <span word="waste">waste</span>（97，1 六级）议论文如：<span word="dont">dont</span> <span word="hesitate">hesitate</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="say">say</span> <span word="no">no</span>（99，1 四级和六级）, <span word="can">can</span> <span word="money">money</span> <span word="buy">buy</span> <span word="happiness">happiness</span>（95，1 四级）, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="test">test</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="spoken">spoken</span> <span word="english">english</span> <span word="necessary">necessary</span>？（2000，6 四级） <span word="reading">reading</span> <span word="selectively">selectively</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="extensively">extensively</span>? ，<span word="do">do</span> <span word="lucky">lucky</span> <span word="numbers">numbers</span> <span word="really">really</span> <span word="bring">bring</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="luck">luck</span>? 2．段落类型：比较/对比，列举，程序等 说明和议论文章所采用的文章扩展模式一般以比较/对照，举例、列举、因果、程序等者居多。如：<span word="dont">dont</span> <span word="hesitate">hesitate</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="say">say</span> <span word="no">no</span>, <span word="reading">reading</span> <span word="selectively">selectively</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="extensively">extensively</span>等很多四六级写作中都涉及到两种观点的对比，整体的段落类型为对照型。<span word="practice">practice</span> <span word="makes">makes</span> <span word="perfect">perfect</span>, <span word="harmfulness">harmfulness</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="fake">fake</span> <span word="commodities">commodities</span>等可采用因果行的段落结构模式，也可以采用举例说明的结构模式。<span word="advantages">advantages</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="job">job</span> <span word="interview">interview</span>则应采用列举的段落扩展模式。 3． 出题方式：提纲式写作，中文提纲，一般为三句或两句。 如：99年1月份考题<span word="directions">directions</span>: <span word="for">for</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="part">part</span>, <span word="you">you</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="allowed">allowed</span> <span word="thirty">thirty</span> <span word="minutes">minutes</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="write">write</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="composition">composition</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="topic">topic</span>: <span word="dont">dont</span> <span word="hesitate">hesitate</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="say">say</span> <span word="no">no</span>. <span word="you">you</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="write">write</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="least">least</span> 100 <span word="words">words</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="base">base</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="composition">composition</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="outline">outline</span> <span word="below">below</span>. 1. 别人请求帮助时，在什么情况下我们会说不。 2. 为什么有些人在该说不的时候不说不。 3. 该说不时不说不的坏处。 再如：98年一月分考题<span word="directions">directions</span>: <span word="for">for</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="part">part</span>, <span word="you">you</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="allowed">allowed</span> <span word="thirty">thirty</span> <span word="minutes">minutes</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="write">write</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="composition">composition</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="topic">topic</span>: <span word="harmfulness">harmfulness</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="fake">fake</span> <span word="commodities">commodities</span>. <span word="you">you</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="write">write</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="least">least</span> 100 <span word="words">words</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="base">base</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="composition">composition</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="outline">outline</span> <span word="below">below</span>. 1. 目前社会上有不少假冒伪劣商品。为什么会有这种情况 2. 举例说明假冒伪劣商品对消费者个人、社会等的危害。</p>
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