六级考试阅读理解各题型备考策略大放送
<p> 六级快速阅读概况与解题基本方略： 六级的快速阅读和四级快速阅读的形式、比例、分值、包括解题方法都很像。一篇六级速读全长约1000词至1200词左右，需要考生在15分钟内完成，请记住，涂卡时间也是算在这15分钟之内的。 倒看原则：先看题目，再 按图索骥回到原文中去; 标记原则：数据、年代、地名、人名、组织名、大写名称等等经常在题目和原文中互相照应; 注意标题：小标题会成为很多题目层次的分界线，下文中并没有出现，但今后的考试中要特别注意。 由于传统阅读是六级阅读中分值比例最大的一种题型，两篇文章，共十道题，占据全卷分值的20% ，且这种题型是考生朋友们最为熟悉的，笔者在此从命题特点和解题方法两方面做简要分析，为2011年6月题目支招! 六级精读备考方略： 以2010年6月六级试题为例，六级阅读无论是从题材上还是内容上都是与实事热门契合度相当高的，甚至快速阅读和传统阅读的第一篇都不能免俗的提及了去年的热门人物奥巴马，可见平时我们多看英文报纸和资讯对阅读背景知识和词汇积累都是对六级考试有益的补充。 题型解读： 52. <span word="What">What</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="paid">paid</span> <span word="family">family</span> <span word="leave">leave</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="paragraph">paragraph</span>? 53. <span word="What">What</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="prevented">prevented</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passing">passing</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="work">work</span>-<span word="family">family</span> <span word="balance">balance</span> <span word="laws">laws</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span>? 54. <span word="What">What</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="Professor">Professor</span> <span word="Anne">Anne</span> <span word="Alstotts">Alstotts</span> <span word="argument">argument</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="parental">parental</span> <span word="support">support</span>? 55. <span word="What">What</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Americas">Americas</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="body">body</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="family">family</span> <span word="laws">laws</span> <span word="governing">governing</span> <span word="childrens">childrens</span> <span word="welfare">welfare</span>? 56. <span word="Why">Why</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="object">object</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="classifying">classifying</span> <span word="parenting">parenting</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="personal">personal</span> <span word="choice">choice</span>? 57. <span word="What">What</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="finding">finding</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="CIRCLE">CIRCLE</span>? 58. <span word="What">What</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="main">main</span> <span word="concern">concern</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="writers">writers</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Generation">Generation</span> <span word="O">O</span>? 59. <span word="What">What</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Generation">Generation</span> <span word="O">O</span> <span word="bloggers">bloggers</span> <span word="write">write</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="posts">posts</span>? 60. <span word="What">What</span> <span word="accounts">accounts</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="younger">younger</span> <span word="generations">generations</span> <span word="political">political</span> <span word="strength">strength</span> <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Professor">Professor</span> <span word="Henry">Henry</span> <span word="Flores">Flores</span>? 61. <span word="What">What</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="infer">infer</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passage">passage</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="Generation">Generation</span> <span word="X">X</span>? 一 细节为王 大家对于阅读题的普遍认识是有五种题型，分别为：细节题、主旨题、推断题、态度题和语义题。细节题一般是针对原文的具体某一事实性内容的考察，考察题型多为以<span word="what">what</span> , <span word="how">how</span>, <span word="when">when</span>, 等开头的特殊疑问句的形式提问，如2010年6月考试阅读中的53,54,56-60。推断题一般在题干当中会有<span word="infer">infer</span>, <span word="imply">imply</span>,<span word="indicate">indicate</span>,<span word="learn">learn</span> 等字眼出现如2010年6月考试阅读中的52和61题。之所以叫推断是由于推断题的信息往往不是原文直接表述的，而是通过对比，比较，转折等手段间接说出来的，但并不要求考生根据文章的信息去推理和分析。态度题有的题干问法是针对细节，有的则是针对全文。而语义题，也称猜词题，则需要结合文章背景，考点中具体单词，短语或句子在上下文中具体的意义。但2010年6月六级考试出现了一个惊人的现象，十道传统阅读有9道题都是以<span word="what">what</span> 开头提问，其中有7道题是细节题。说明六级阅读在本质上依然延续了着重对文章细节考察的这一传统。毫无疑问，细节题一直是复习和备考的重中之重。不仅是2010年6月的试题如此，从历年的真题中，我们发现绝大多数的题目是细节题。这也就进一步证实，阅读题的考察重点是细节题的解题能力，笔者把这种能力归结为：查找加对应能力。也就是根据题干信息查找原文说法，对比原文与选项的能力。 建议做题步骤： 1)看题干，划出定位词。 2)看一题，定位一题。 3)对比原文与题干，找出异同或丢失信息，解题。 定位词一般为题干中的大写，如人名，地名，书名，组织名称等以及除全文主题词之外的词汇，因为本次传统阅读题目主要以<span word="what">what</span> 开头，则尤其应该关注名词。 如：2010年6月六级考试阅读理解中的54题：54. <span word="What">What</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="Professor">Professor</span> <span word="Anne">Anne</span> <span word="Alstotts">Alstotts</span> <span word="argument">argument</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="parental">parental</span> <span word="support">support</span>? <span word="A">A</span>) <span word="The">The</span> <span word="cost">cost</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="raising">raising</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="U">U</span>. <span word="S">S</span>. <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="growing">growing</span>. <span word="B">B</span>) <span word="Good">Good</span> <span word="parenting">parenting</span> <span word="benefits">benefits</span> <span word="society">society</span>. <span word="C">C</span>) <span word="The">The</span> <span word="U">U</span>. <span word="S">S</span>. <span word="should">should</span> <span word="keep">keep</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="developed">developed</span> <span word="countries">countries</span>. <span word="D">D</span>) <span word="Children">Children</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="continuous">continuous</span> <span word="care">care</span>. 根据题干中的人名<span word="Anne">Anne</span> <span word="Alstotts">Alstotts</span>可以迅速定位原文第三段第一句<span word="As">As</span> <span word="Yale">Yale</span> <span word="law">law</span> <span word="professor">professor</span> <span word="Anne">Anne</span> <span word="Alstott">Alstott</span> <span word="argues">argues</span>, <span word="justifying">justifying</span> <span word="parental">parental</span> <span word="support">support</span> <span word="depends">depends</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="defining">defining</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="family">family</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="that">that</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="sense">sense</span>, <span word="society">society</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="pay">pay</span> <span word="for">for</span>. 作者指出<span word="Anne">Anne</span> <span word="Alstotts">Alstotts</span>教授认为社会必须给父母提供相应的支持，因为家庭应被定义为一种社会利益。于是可以对比原文得出正确答案<span word="B">B</span>) <span word="Good">Good</span> <span word="parenting">parenting</span> <span word="benefits">benefits</span> <span word="society">society</span>.正是原文的改写。 二 逻辑清晰 同时，第56题56. <span word="Why">Why</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="object">object</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="classifying">classifying</span> <span word="parenting">parenting</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="personal">personal</span> <span word="choice">choice</span>?即考察作者反对将培育子女仅仅作为个人选择这一观点的原因，因此，除了原文事实细节的对应之外，六级还考察文章内在的因果逻辑关系。即使是<span word="what">what</span>开头的这9道题中，经过仔细推敲，我们发现第60题， <span word="What">What</span> <span word="accounts">accounts</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="younger">younger</span> <span word="generations">generations</span> <span word="political">political</span> <span word="strength">strength</span> <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Professor">Professor</span> <span word="Henry">Henry</span> <span word="Flores">Flores</span>? <span word="A">A</span>) <span word="Their">Their</span> <span word="embrace">embrace</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="radical">radical</span> <span word="ideas">ideas</span>. <span word="B">B</span>) <span word="Their">Their</span> <span word="desire">desire</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="America">America</span>. <span word="C">C</span>) <span word="Their">Their</span> <span word="utilization">utilization</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Internet">Internet</span>.<span word="D">D</span>) <span word="Their">Their</span> <span word="strong">strong</span> <span word="sense">sense</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="responsibility">responsibility</span>. 由于题干中有一个词组<span word="accounts">accounts</span> <span word="for">for</span>说明; 对...负有责任; 证明即60题<span word="What">What</span> <span word="accounts">accounts</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="younger">younger</span> <span word="generations">generations</span> <span word="political">political</span> <span word="strength">strength</span> <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Professor">Professor</span> <span word="Henry">Henry</span> <span word="Flores">Flores</span>?在考察根据<span word="Henry">Henry</span> <span word="Flores">Flores</span>教授，年轻一代的在政治活跃的优势原因为何。考生应注意到原文<span word="Henry">Henry</span> <span word="Flores">Flores</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="political">political</span>-<span word="science">science</span> <span word="professor">professor</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="St">St</span>. <span word="Marys">Marys</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="credits">credits</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="younger">younger</span> <span word="generations">generations</span> <span word="political">political</span> <span word="strength">strength</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="embrace">embrace</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="technology">technology</span>. 在这个句子中出现了一个比较生僻的搭配 <span word="credit">credit</span> [] :意为归功于，归因于。即对60题因果关系的回应。在六级阅读考试中，经常考察除纯粹的事实细节之外，有时爱考察前后句间的因果关系。因此考生在考前还应熟悉因果关系的表达法。 三 合理推理 推断题说到底是细节题和主旨题的变体考法，之所以叫推断是由于推断题的信息往往不是原文直接表述的，而是通过对比，比较，转折等手段间接说出来的，但具体做法还是细节题或主旨题。 推断题一般在题干当中会有<span word="infer">infer</span>, <span word="imply">imply</span>,<span word="indicate">indicate</span>,<span word="learn">learn</span> 等明显标志词出现 如2010年6月第2篇阅读61题. <span word="What">What</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="infer">infer</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passage">passage</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="Generation">Generation</span> <span word="X">X</span>? 61. <span word="What">What</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="infer">infer</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passage">passage</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="Generation">Generation</span> <span word="X">X</span>? <span word="A">A</span>) <span word="They">They</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="politically">politically</span> <span word="conservative">conservative</span>. <span word="B">B</span>) <span word="They">They</span> <span word="reject">reject</span> <span word="conventional">conventional</span> <span word="values">values</span>. <span word="C">C</span>) <span word="They">They</span> <span word="dare">dare</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="challenges">challenges</span>. <span word="D">D</span>) <span word="They">They</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="indifferent">indifferent</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="politics">politics</span>. 可以根据题干中大写<span word="Generation">Generation</span> <span word="X">X</span>? 定位在最后一段 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="result">result</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="group">group</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="young">young</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="that">that</span>, <span word="like">like</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="boomer">boomer</span> <span word="parents">parents</span>, <span word="grows">grows</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="strong">strong</span> <span word="sense">sense</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="purpose">purpose</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="sheds">sheds</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="image">image</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="apathy">apathy</span> <span word="theyve">theyve</span> <span word="inherited">inherited</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="Generation">Generation</span> <span word="X">X</span> . 结果是这一代的年轻人，在强烈的目标感中成长起来，并摆脱了<span word="Generation">Generation</span> <span word="X">X</span>留给人的冷漠印象，<span word="apathy">apathy</span> 正是选项 <span word="D">D</span>) <span word="They">They</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="indifferent">indifferent</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="politics">politics</span>.中<span word="indifferent">indifferent</span>同义词 一般来说，正确选项会具体表现出四种特征：一，是原文的完全再现;二，是原文的结构，个别名词或动词进行同义替换;三，是原文的主宾颠倒;四，是原文的全文同义替换。这里需要考生注意的就是第二种情况，个别词的同义替换，也就是希望考生朋友们在平时背单词的时候多积累一些同义词，这对阅读题的解题是最有帮助的。 四 命题点与常考语言特征相结合。 在六级传统阅读文章中，每篇文章包含450词的信息量，但不是每一句都是作者强调的重点，或者出题人热衷的出题热点。因此我们在阅读文章的过程中也要做到详略得当，张弛有度。 在六级阅读中，出题人尤其喜欢针对一些特定的语言特征来设置题目，像特殊的标点符号，，转折关系，比较关系，因果关系，引用，举例等等. 如 2010年6月6级阅读的第2篇文章52. <span word="What">What</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="paid">paid</span> <span word="family">family</span> <span word="leave">leave</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="paragraph">paragraph</span>? 题干给出的推理范围比较大，对应第一段整段。但在第一段中我们不难发现，实际出题人希望我们看到或者重点细读的应为首段最后一句<span word="I">I</span> <span word="wasnt">wasnt</span> <span word="surprised">surprised</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="didnt">didnt</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="news">news</span> <span word="here">here</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="Stateswere">Stateswere</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="wealthy">wealthy</span> <span word="country">country</span> <span word="without">without</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="policy">policy</span>.因为此句中既包含表解释说明的特殊符号破折号，又包含弱转折的新旧时间对比词时间副词<span word="now">now</span>, 还包含表示唯一性的词<span word="only">only</span>, 这三个语言现象都是出题人设题的传统热点。仔细读完这句话，我们不难得出52题的答案<span word="A">A</span>) <span word="America">America</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="developed">developed</span> <span word="country">country</span> <span word="without">without</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="policy">policy</span>. 美国是发达国家中唯一没有该项政策的国家。 结语 六级考试每年具体题材和内容尽管各有不同，但总体而言各类题型的破题方法和出题人的出题思路仍然是有迹可循的，希望通过笔者的微言能给焦急备考中的你些许的帮助，如果大家能认真的消化，仔细的研究，不断的练习，应该不难把握其中的套路和规律。 </p>
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