考研的英语语法速成：情态动词现在完成式用法
<p> 情态动词现在完成式主要有两个功能：表示已经发生的情况和表示虚拟语气。在这两个方面<span word="must">must</span>/<span word="mustncan">mustncan</span>/<span word="cannneed">cannneed</span>/<span word="neednmay">neednmay</span>/<span word="maynmight">maynmight</span>/<span word="mightnshould">mightnshould</span>/<span word="shouldnought">shouldnought</span>等情态动词+完成式表示的意思是有一定区别的</p><p> 1.表示已经发生的情况。</p><p> 1)<span word="must">must</span> <span word="have">have</span>+过去分词，表示对已发生情况的肯定推测，译为(昨天)一定。如：</p><p> <span word="My">My</span> <span word="pain">pain</span> <span word="apparent">apparent</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="moment">moment</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="walked">walked</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="room">room</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="met">met</span> <span word="asked">asked</span> <span word="sympathetically">sympathetically</span>: <span word="Are">Are</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="feeling">feeling</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="right">right</span>?</p><p> [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="must">must</span> <span word="be">be</span> [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span> [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="must">must</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="had">had</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span></p><p> (答案为<span word="C">C</span>)</p><p> 2)<span word="cant">cant</span> / <span word="couldnt">couldnt</span> <span word="have">have</span>+过去分词，表示对已发生情况的否定推测，译为(昨天)一定没。如：</p><p> <span word="Mary">Mary</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="letter">letter</span>; <span word="otherwise">otherwise</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="replied">replied</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="now">now</span>.</p><p> [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="couldnt">couldnt</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="received">received</span> [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="ought">ought</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="received">received</span></p><p> [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="has">has</span> <span word="received">received</span> [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="shouldnt">shouldnt</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="received">received</span></p><p> (答案为<span word="A">A</span>)</p><p> 3)<span word="may">may</span> / <span word="might">might</span> <span word="have">have</span> +过去分词，表示对已发生的事情做不肯定、可能性很小的推测，或事实上根本没发生，译为也许。如：</p><p> <span word="At">At</span> <span word="Florida">Florida</span> <span word="Powers">Powers</span> <span word="Crystal">Crystal</span> <span word="River">River</span> <span word="plant">plant</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="potentially">potentially</span> <span word="serious">serious</span> <span word="leakage">leakage</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="radioactive">radioactive</span> <span word="water">water</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="unknowingly">unknowingly</span> <span word="caused">caused</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="electrician">electrician</span>.</p><p> 2.表示虚拟语气。</p><p> 1) <span word="neednt">neednt</span> <span word="have">have</span> + 过去分词，表示做了不必做的事，相当于<span word="didnt">didnt</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span>,译为其实没必要。如：</p>
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