考研的英语语法速成：代词指代一致问题
<p> 代词指代一致是指指代的名词在性、数、格上是否一致，或者所照应的名词词组在某些方面保持一致。</p><p> <span word="Each">Each</span> <span word="cigarette">cigarette</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="smokes">smokes</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="harm">harm</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="eventually">eventually</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="serious">serious</span> <span word="disease">disease</span> <span word="form">form</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="effect">effect</span>.</p><p> 这里<span word="he">he</span>指代前面的<span word="person">person</span>。</p><p> <span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="during">during</span> <span word="the">the</span> 1920<span word="s">s</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="friendship">friendship</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="writers">writers</span> <span word="Hemingway">Hemingway</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Fitzgerald">Fitzgerald</span> <span word="reached">reached</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="highest">highest</span> <span word="point">point</span>.</p><p> 这里<span word="its">its</span>指代前面的两人的<span word="friendship">friendship</span>。</p><p> <span word="Our">Our</span> <span word="department">department</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="monitored">monitored</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="supervisors">supervisors</span>, <span word="Bill">Bill</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="me">me</span>.</p><p> 这里<span word="me">me</span>必须用宾格形式。</p><p> 代词指代一致必须注意以下几个原则和规律：</p><p> 1.邻近和靠近原则</p><p> 由<span word="either">either</span><span word="or">or</span>, <span word="neithernor">neithernor</span>, <span word="not">not</span> <span word="onlybut">onlybut</span> 连接先行词时候，如果两个先行词在数和性上保持一致，就用其相应的一直的人称代词;如果两个先行词在数或性上不一致，人称代词一般与邻近的先行词在数和性上保持一致。</p><p> <span word="Neither">Neither</span> <span word="Mary">Mary</span> <span word="nor">nor</span> <span word="Alice">Alice</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="key">key</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="her">her</span>.</p><p> <span word="Neither">Neither</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="package">package</span> <span word="nor">nor</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="letters">letters</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="reached">reached</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="destination">destination</span></p><p> <span word="If">If</span> <span word="either">either</span> <span word="David">David</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="Janet">Janet</span> <span word="comes">comes</span> , <span word="he">he</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="drink">drink</span></p><p> 2.当<span word="no">no</span> <span word="one">one</span>, <span word="everyone">everyone</span>, <span word="each">each</span>,<span word="everybody">everybody</span>, <span word="none">none</span> ,<span word="anybody">anybody</span>, <span word="someone">someone</span>, <span word="somebody">somebody</span>用作主语或主语的限定词时候,或者<span word="anything">anything</span>, <span word="nothing">nothing</span>, <span word="something">something</span> <span word="everything">everything</span>等不定代词作主语时候，其相应的代词一般按照语法一致原则，采取单数形式。如：</p>
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