考研语法：非谓语动词的常考其它结构
<p> (1)疑问词+不定式结构</p><p> 疑问词<span word="who">who</span>，<span word="what">what</span>，<span word="which">which</span>，<span word="when">when</span>，<span word="where">where</span>和<span word="how">how</span>后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、的宾语、的表语和双重宾语。如：</p><p> <span word="When">When</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="start">start</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="decided">decided</span>.何时动身尚未决定。</p><p> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="dont">dont</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span>.我不知道该怎么办。</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="difficulty">difficulty</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="cross">cross</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="river">river</span>.困难在于如何过河。</p><p> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="tell">tell</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="book">book</span>.我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。(双重宾语)</p><p> (注)<span word="A">A</span>.有时疑问词前可用介词，如：</p><p> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="it">it</span>.我不知道如何做此事。</p><p> <span word="B">B</span>.动词<span word="know">know</span> 后面不能直接跟不定式作宾语，只能跟疑问词(如：<span word="how">how</span>, <span word="what">what</span>)+不定式：</p><p> <span word="While">While</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="young">young</span> <span word="boy">boy</span>, <span word="Tom">Tom</span> <span word="knew">knew</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="play">play</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="piano">piano</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="grew">grew</span> <span word="older">older</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="wrote">wrote</span> <span word="operas">operas</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="famous">famous</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="Carmen">Carmen</span>.</p><p> 介词<span word="except">except</span>和<span word="but">but</span>作只有，只能讲时跟不定式结构(<span word="but">but</span>与不带<span word="to">to</span>的不定式连用)。</p><p> <span word="When">When</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="streets">streets</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="full">full</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="melting">melting</span> <span word="snow">snow</span>, <span word="you">you</span> <span word="cannot">cannot</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="getting">getting</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="shoes">shoes</span> <span word="wet">wet</span>.</p><p> 不带<span word="to">to</span>的不定式</p><p> 1)在表示生理感觉的动词后的不定式不带<span word="to">to</span>。这类词有：</p><p> <span word="feel">feel</span> 觉得 <span word="observe">observe</span> 注意到，看到 <span word="overhear">overhear</span>听到</p><p> <span word="watch">watch</span>注视 <span word="listen">listen</span> <span word="to">to</span>听 <span word="perceive">perceive</span>察觉，感知</p>
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