英语专业四级考试常考单词词源100讲—claudere
<p> 第16讲表示关闭的词根<span word="claudere">claudere</span></p><p> 学生：对词根我现在渐渐找到感觉了。譬如<span word="disclose">disclose</span>(揭露)，<span word="dis">dis</span>-表示否定，<span word="close">close</span>是关闭，合起来就有了打开的意思,也就是公开、暴光，对不对?</p><p> 老师：非常正确。<span word="clud">clud</span>-,<span word="clos">clos</span>-,<span word="clus">clus</span>-的词根都是拉丁语单词<span word="claudere">claudere</span>(关闭、包围)。以<span word="disclose">disclose</span>为例，<span word="dis">dis</span>-为否定前缀，<span word="disclose">disclose</span>就是不关闭，不包围，任其让人看见的意思。</p><p> 学生：那么<span word="include">include</span>，是不是<span word="in">in</span>表示(里面)，<span word="clude">clude</span>指包围，从而有关在里面的意思呢?</p><p> 老师：很好。我们把<span word="include">include</span>拆开，便得到<span word="in">in</span>(=<span word="in">in</span>)+<span word="claudere">claudere</span>(包围)，所以它的意思是关在栅栏里面。其反义词由<span word="ex">ex</span>-(向外)+<span word="claudere">claudere</span>(包围)组成，也就是排除在栅栏之外的意思了。</p><p> 同根关联词</p><p> <span word="conclude">conclude</span>：结束、签定(协议)构成：<span word="con">con</span>(=<span word="together">together</span>+拉丁语词根<span word="claudere">claudere</span>(关闭)一同闭嘴</p><p> <span word="enclose">enclose</span>：包围构成：<span word="en">en</span>(=<span word="in">in</span>)+拉丁语词根<span word="claudere">claudere</span>(关闭)</p><p> <span word="exclude">exclude</span>：排斥、排除构成：<span word="ex">ex</span>(=<span word="out">out</span>)+拉丁语词根<span word="claudere">claudere</span>(关闭)</p><p> <span word="occlude">occlude</span>：堵塞、吸收、磨牙构成：<span word="oc">oc</span>=<span word="ob">ob</span>(=<span word="over">over</span>(不)+拉丁语词根<span word="claudere">claudere</span>(关闭)</p><p> <span word="preclude">preclude</span>：挡住、排除构成：<span word="pre">pre</span>(=<span word="before">before</span>+拉丁语词根<span word="claudere">claudere</span>(关闭)从前面关闭了引伸出阻挡的意思</p><p> <span word="recluse">recluse</span>：隐士、隐居的构成：<span word="re">re</span>(=<span word="away">away</span>+拉丁语词根<span word="claudere">claudere</span>(关闭)封闭的</p>
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