大学英语四六级考试基础语法辅导—虚拟语气
<p> 1. 表示现在/过去/将来情况的虚拟条件句</p><p> 虚拟条件句主要有三种结构：</p><p> 1) 表示与现在情况相反：主句谓语用<span word="would">would</span> / <span word="could">could</span> / <span word="might">might</span> +动词原形，从句谓语用动词的一般过去时(动词<span word="be">be</span>的过去式一律用<span word="were">were</span>)。</p><p> <span word="If">If</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="you">you</span>, <span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="accept">accept</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="offer">offer</span>.</p><p> <span word="If">If</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="time">time</span>, <span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="certainly">certainly</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cinema">cinema</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="you">you</span>.</p><p> 2) 表示与过去情况相反：主句谓语用<span word="would">would</span> / <span word="could">could</span> / <span word="might">might</span> + <span word="have">have</span> +过去分词，从句谓语用过去完成时。</p><p> <span word="If">If</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="earlier">earlier</span>, <span word="I">I</span> <span word="wouldnt">wouldnt</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="missed">missed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="train">train</span>.</p><p> <span word="If">If</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="careful">careful</span>, <span word="I">I</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="passed">passed</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="exam">exam</span>.</p><p> 3) 表示与将来情况相反：主句谓语用<span word="would">would</span> / <span word="could">could</span> / <span word="might">might</span> +动词原形，从句谓语用<span word="were">were</span> +动词不定式或<span word="should">should</span> +动词原形。</p><p> <span word="If">If</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="job">job</span>, <span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="study">study</span>.</p><p> <span word="If">If</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="rain">rain</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span>, <span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="you">you</span>.</p><p> 2. 虚拟条件句连接词<span word="if">if</span>的省略</p><p> 如果虚拟条件句的从句中含有<span word="were">were</span>, <span word="had">had</span>, <span word="should">should</span>, <span word="could">could</span>等词时，可以省略连接词<span word="if">if</span>，但这时必须把<span word="were">were</span>, <span word="had">had</span>, <span word="should">should</span>, <span word="could">could</span>等词移到主语前面，形成倒装。这种句型主要用于书面形式。</p><p> <span word="Were">Were</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="job">job</span>, <span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="finish">finish</span> <span word="doing">doing</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="within">within</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="weeks">weeks</span>.</p>
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