大学英语四六级考试必备语法分词
<p> 大学英语四六级考试必备语法：分词</p><p> Ⅲ.分词</p><p> 1. 现在分词与过去分词的区别</p><p> 现在分词与过去分词的区别主要体现在时间和语态上。现在分词表示正在进行的动作并表示主动的意义，而过去分词表示已经完成的动作并表示被动的意义。比较：</p><p> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="changing">changing</span> <span word="world">world</span>;<span word="a">a</span> <span word="changed">changed</span> <span word="world">world</span></p><p> <span word="surprising">surprising</span> <span word="news">news</span>;<span word="surprised">surprised</span> <span word="people">people</span></p><p> 2. 分词作状语</p><p> 作状语时，表示时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、让步和伴随情况等。另外，作状语时，它的逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。</p><p> <span word="Hearing">Hearing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="news">news</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="heaved">heaved</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sigh">sigh</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="relief">relief</span>.</p><p> <span word="Given">Given</span> <span word="another">another</span> <span word="chance">chance</span>, <span word="Ill">Ill</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="better">better</span>.</p><p> 3. 分词作定语</p><p> 分词常用来修饰名词或代词作定语。单个的分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词之前;分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰词之后。但有些单个的过去分词作定语时，也可放在被修饰词之后。</p><p> <span word="Hes">Hes</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="spoilt">spoilt</span> <span word="child">child</span>.</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="standing">standing</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="English">English</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span>.</p><p> <span word="Where">Where</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="material">material</span> <span word="needed">needed</span>?</p><p> 4. 分词作宾语补足语</p><p> 分词可在感觉动词和使役动词后作宾语补足语。常用的感觉动词主要有：<span word="see">see</span>, <span word="hear">hear</span>, <span word="notice">notice</span>, <span word="watch">watch</span>, <span word="find">find</span>, <span word="observe">observe</span>, <span word="smell">smell</span>等。常用的使役动词主要有：<span word="get">get</span>, <span word="have">have</span>, <span word="keep">keep</span>, <span word="leave">leave</span>, <span word="set">set</span>, <span word="make">make</span>, <span word="let">let</span>等。此外，分词还可在<span word="want">want</span>, <span word="like">like</span>, <span word="wish">wish</span>, <span word="order">order</span>等表示希望、要求、命令等意义的动词后作宾语补足语。</p>
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