英语六级基础语法辅导精华一般过去时和过去完成时
<p> 英语六级基础语法辅导精华：一般过去时和过去完成时 (1)一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，而过去完成时表示在过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前。试比较：</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="class">class</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="already">already</span> <span word="begun">begun</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="school">school</span>. 我来到学校时，已经开始上课。</p><p> <span word="He">He</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="gone">gone</span> <span word="home">home</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="office">office</span>. 我到他办公室以前，他已回家了。</p><p> (2)有<span word="after">after</span>或<span word="before">before</span>引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，由于从句动作和主句动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，所以可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时：</p><p> <span word="He">He</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="soon">soon</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="returned">returned</span>. 他回来不久便拜访我。也可以说：<span word="He">He</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="soon">soon</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="returned">returned</span>.</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="train">train</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="left">left</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="station">station</span>. 我到车站时,火车已经开走了。也可以说：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="train">train</span> <span word="left">left</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="station">station</span>。</p><p> (3)描述一连串的过去动作，无需用过去完成时，例如：</p><p> <span word="He">He</span> <span word="stood">stood</span> <span word="up">up</span>, <span word="took">took</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="bag">bag</span>, <span word="put">put</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="hat">hat</span>, <span word="left">left</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="room">room</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="went">went</span> <span word="away">away</span>. 他站起来，拿起书包，戴上帽子，离开房间走了。</p><p> <span word="She">She</span> <span word="looked">looked</span> <span word="around">around</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="saw">saw</span> <span word="nothing">nothing</span>. 她环顾四周，但是什么也没有看见。</p><p> <span word="He">He</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="hello">hello</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="everyone">everyone</span>. 他进来向每一个人问好。</p><p> 由于汉语与英语表达时态的方式不同，中国人在学习和应用英语时经常犯时态错误，尤其是在写信、写电子邮件、写记叙文时。常见的时态错误类型有：时态不对应;通篇须用几种时态时用一种时态;时态混用或串用(如在描写过去的经历时，有时用现在时);不用进行时。我们如果在日常口头交际中犯点时态错误，这在所难免，也可以理解。但是，在正式场合，如正式写作中，就不能允许出现时态错误，因为这是英语语法的基础。我们学习时态的目的，主要在于应用。因此，在使用英语，尤其是在写作时，一定要有时态意识，长此以往就能养成正确使用时态的习惯。</p>
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