下半年大学英语六级考试语法及词汇精选（3）
<p> 下半年大学英语六级考试语法及词汇精选(3)</p><p> 被动语态是大家十分熟悉的一种语法现象，由 <span word="be">be</span>+ <span word="ved">ved</span> 分词构成。有时候用介词短语 <span word="by">by</span> 表明执行者。关于被动语态应注意的几个方面：</p><p> 1 、不及物动词 <span word="seat">seat</span> 的用法。例： <span word="When">When</span> <span word="I">I</span>______, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="play">play</span> <span word="started">started</span>.</p><p> <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="was">was</span> <span word="seated">seated</span> <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="seated">seated</span> <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="was">was</span> <span word="seating">seating</span> <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="was">was</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="seated">seated</span></p><p> 在这道题里，不及物动词 <span word="seat">seat</span> 的用法十分特殊，当表示坐下、就座、坐着的意思时，只能用 <span word="be">be</span>+<span word="ed">ed</span> 结构，这里它看似被动语态，实际上并不表示被动，而是一个形容词化了的动词。所以正确答案是 <span word="A">A</span> 。</p><p> 2 、没有被动语态的及物动词。例： <span word="the">the</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="bought">bought</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span> ________<span word="me">me</span> <span word="twenty">twenty</span> <span word="dollars">dollars</span>.</p><p> <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="is">is</span> <span word="costed">costed</span> <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="costing">costing</span> <span word="C">C</span> . <span word="costs">costs</span> <span word="D">D</span> . <span word="was">was</span> <span word="costed">costed</span></p><p> 这里的正确答案为 <span word="C">C</span> ，因为有些及物动词并没有被动语态。所以当这些词表示动作 或状态时不能用被动语态而需要使用主动语态。这些词还有： <span word="beg">beg</span> ， <span word="contain">contain</span> ， <span word="become">become</span> ， <span word="cost">cost</span> ， <span word="equal">equal</span>, <span word="fail">fail</span> ， <span word="fit">fit</span> ， <span word="have">have</span> ， <span word="hold">hold</span> ， <span word="lack">lack</span> ， <span word="possess">possess</span> ， <span word="resemble">resemble</span> 等。此外，还有一些及物动词短语如 <span word="result">result</span> <span word="from">from</span> ， <span word="belong">belong</span> <span word="to">to</span> 和 <span word="consist">consist</span> <span word="of">of</span> 等，也没有被动语态。</p><p> </p>
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