六级考试高分的经验谈之完型填空(二)
<p> 三、完型填空的具体解题方法</p><p> 完型填空的具体解题方法，也就是我们在解完型填空题时应遵循的模式以及所应注意的问题。</p><p> 1.完型填空的具体解题模式</p><p> 完型填空的具体解题模式，大致是这样几个步骤：</p><p> 首先是通读题干，把握文章的脉络，了解文章的大意，为进一步的分析题目作准备;</p><p> 其次是仔细阅读考题，对答案进行分析判断;</p><p> 最后再一次通读全文，检查所做的题目。</p><p> 以下我将以 1999年6月<span word="CET">CET</span>6的<span word="CLOZE">CLOZE</span>为例进行说明。</p><p> 首先是通读全文。第一遍通读，其目的是总结出意群的大意并由此而把握文章的脉络。文章的开头写道：<span word="Most">Most</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="travel">travel</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="distances">distances</span> <span word="complain">complain</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="jetlag">jetlag</span>.这就是文章的主题句。它说明了本文所叙述的内容，一定是与时差反应有关的，多半是讲述如何克服时差反应的。我们在通读文章时，对于文章的第一句一定要加以注意，因为完型填空的第一句一般是不命题的，其目的就是要我们比较容易地掌握文章的主旨。</p><p> <span word="Jetlag">Jetlag</span> <span word="makes">makes</span> <span word="business">business</span> <span word="travelers">travelers</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="productive">productive</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="prone">prone</span> ___61___ <span word="making">making</span> <span word="mistakes">mistakes</span>.<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="actually">actually</span> <span word="caused">caused</span> <span word="by">by</span> ___62___ <span word="of">of</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="body">body</span> <span word="clock">clock</span>----<span word="a">a</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="cluster">cluster</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="cells">cells</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="controls">controls</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="timing">timing</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="biological">biological</span> ___63___.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="body">body</span> <span word="clock">clock</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="designed">designed</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> ___64___ <span word="rhythm">rhythm</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="daylight">daylight</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="darkness">darkness</span>，<span word="so">so</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="thrown">thrown</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="balance">balance</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="it">it</span> ___65___ <span word="daylight">daylight</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="darkness">darkness</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="thewrongtimes">thewrongtimes</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="zone">zone</span>.<span word="The">The</span> ___66___ <span word="of">of</span> <span word="jetlag">jetlag</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="persists">persists</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="days">days</span> ___67___ <span word="the">the</span> <span word="internal">internal</span> <span word="body">body</span> <span word="clock">clock</span> <span word="slowly">slowly</span> <span word="adjusts">adjusts</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="zone">zone</span>.这是第一个意群，它的主要意思就是说生 物钟造成了时差反应。我们可以将这一段话概括为生物钟-时差。<span word="Now">Now</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="anti">anti</span>-<span word="jetlag">jetlag</span> <span word="system">system</span> <span word="is">is</span> ___68___ <span word="that">that</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="based">based</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="proven">proven</span> ___69___ <span word="pioneering">pioneering</span> <span word="scientific">scientific</span> <span word="research">research</span>.<span word="Dr">Dr</span> <span word="Martin">Martin</span> <span word="Moore">Moore</span>―<span word="Ede">Ede</span> <span word="had">had</span> ___70___ <span word="a">a</span> <span word="practical">practical</span> <span word="strategy">strategy</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="adjust">adjust</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="body">body</span> <span word="clock">clock</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="sooner">sooner</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="zone">zone</span> ___71___ <span word="controlled">controlled</span> <span word="exposure">exposure</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="bright">bright</span> <span word="light">light</span>.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="zone">zone</span> <span word="shift">shift</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="easy">easy</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="accomplish">accomplish</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="eliminates">eliminates</span> ___72___ <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="discomfort">discomfort</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="jetlog">jetlog</span>.这是第二个意群，它的意思是有一项新的科研成果，即用对接触光线的控制来调节生物钟，从而消除时差反应。我们可以将其概括为新成果-控制与光接触-消除时差。<span word="A">A</span> <span word="successful">successful</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="zone">zone</span> <span word="shift">shift</span> <span word="depends">depends</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="knowing">knowing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="exact">exact</span> <span word="times">times</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="either">either</span> ___73___ <span word="or">or</span> <span word="avoid">avoid</span> <span word="bright">bright</span> <span word="light">light</span>.<span word="Exposure">Exposure</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="light">light</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="wrong">wrong</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="actually">actually</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="jetlag">jetlag</span> <span word="worse">worse</span>.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="proper">proper</span> <span word="schedule">schedule</span> ___74___ <span word="light">light</span> <span word="exposure">exposure</span> <span word="depends">depends</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="deal">deal</span> <span word="on">on</span> ___75___ <span word="travel">travel</span> <span word="plans">plans</span>.这是第三个意群，它讲的是，用这种方法进行时区的过渡的条件，也就是如何控制受光的问题，以及控制的依据。我们不妨概括为如何控制受光。第四个意群就是我们在第一节中所列举的，可以概括为指南-依据-内容。第五个意群是下面的这段话：<span word="When">When</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="trip">trip</span> <span word="guide">guide</span> <span word="calls">calls</span> ___78___ <span word="bright">bright</span> <span word="light">light</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="spend">spend</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="outdoors">outdoors</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="possible">possible</span>.<span word="If">If</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="dark">dark</span> <span word="outside">outside</span>，<span word="or">or</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="weather">weather</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="bad">bad</span>，___79___ <span word="you">you</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="aeroplane">aeroplane</span>，<span word="you">you</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="special">special</span> <span word="light">light</span> <span word="device">device</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="provide">provide</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="necessary">necessary</span> <span word="light">light</span> ___80___ <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="range">range</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="activities">activities</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="reading">reading</span>，<span word="watching">watching</span> <span word="TV">TV</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="working">working</span>.这段话的意思是遵照旅行指南进行调节的具体方法。可以简记为调节方式。这样，文章的大意以及脉络就很清楚了，而且对于我们所获得的以上的信息，可以保持较长时间的记忆。</p>
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